INTRO TO PHILO
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62 Terms
Utilitarianism
- For the betterment of the majority
Deontological Philosophy
- Objective
Pythagoras
Love for Wisdom
Pythagoras
- He was the first person who called himself a philosopher
Lovers of Fame
Lovers of Spectacle
Lovers of Game
Lovers of Wisdom
Pythagoras watched the Olympics, what did he saw?
Sophos
- Intellectuals
- All they care about is winning
Oblivion
State of Nothingness
Eastern Philosophy
- The origin of philosophy dates back to the birth of their religion.
Confucianism
Being one of the greatest traditions in ancient China, Confucianism started by Kongzi or Confucius over 2500 years ago.
Kongzi or Confucius
Who started Confucianism
The Analects
Book of Confucius
Strong familiy relationships
Good moral behavior
in Confucianism peace begins with?
Jen (Ren)
Yi
two key virtues of confucianism
Jen (Ren)
Compassion or human-heartedness
Yi
righteousness or doing what is right
Confucianism
- Teaching how to live at peace with other people
Buddhism
Siddhartha was born to the warrior caste in north central India in the region no known as Nepal
Siddhartha
Who started Buddhism?
An old man
A sick man
A corpse
An ascetic monk
What did Siddhartha saw in Lumbini Park?
Nirvana
state of freedom from suffering called
Right View
Right Resolve
Right Speech
Right Action
Right Livelihood
Right Effort
Right Concentration
Right Contemplation
Eightfold path
Karma and Rebirth
Central teaching of buddhism
Indian Philosophy
- Centers on the question “Who am I?” and emphasized understanding the true self
- It views human beings as spiritual in nature, connected to a deeper spiritual and metaphysical destiny
- Philosophy is not merely academic; it serves as a practical guide for living a meaningful life
Western Philosophy
- The search for truth through questioning and argument.
Socrates
- Making dialogues with various people
- Profound ideas, such as justice, virtue, morality, life, and death
- Focused on getting answers by questioning relevant ideas
Hemlock
Socrates was sentenced to death by drinking what?
Plato
- Served as a transcriber of the past
- Wrote down the dialogues of Socrates
Allegory of the Cave
Plato’s Famous Stories:
Theory of Forms
Plato’s Theory
Aristotle
- Studied under Plato
- Most known for developing a systematic approach to logic, ethics, science, and philosophy
Lyceum
Aristotle put up his school called
Aristotle
- Father of Logic
Syllogism
Aristotle developed rules for reasoning, known a
Eudaimonia
golden mean
Aristotle taught the goal of life is ________ (human flourishing or living well). His famous ideas is the ________
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Ethics
Logic
Aesthetics
Psychology
Philosophy of Man
Branches of Philosophy
Metaphysics
- Aristotle called it “the first philosophy”
- A branch of philosophy concerned with the ultimate nature existence
- Attempts to characterize existence or reality as a whole
- Study of the ultimate reality of all things
- Explain what science can’t explain or answer
- What is Real?
Ontology
Cosmology
Philosophical Theology
Branches of Metaphysics
Ontology
- The study of being and existence
Cosmology
- The study of the world or universe
Philosophical Theology
- Philosophy or religion
Theology
studies how God thinks
Epistemology
- “Theory of Knowledge,” it investigates what differentiates justified belief from mere opinion
- Philosophical study of the nature, origin, and limits of human knowledge
- How do we know if we truly know something?
Belief
Truth
Justification
Three components of propositional knowledge:
Skepticism
general attitude of doubting claim
Ethics
- Moral Philosophy
- Philosophers have discussed such problems as the ideal or purpose of life. The theories of good and evil
- What is the right thing to do
Ethical Dilemma
- Available choices and obligations in a specific situation do not allow for an ethical outcome
Lawrence Kohlberg
who discovered Moral Development the three (3) stages?
Pre-conventional
Conventional
Post-conventional
- Moral Development: (3 stages)
Pre-conventional
you only think about yourself. You follow because want to be rewarded or you don’t want to be punished
Conventional
you follow the society or law
Post-conventional
May sarili kang paninindigan sa tama o mali
Logic
- Studies the principles of valid reasoning to help us distinguish truth from falsehood
- Discovery of truth
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
two types of reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
- From general thought to a specific one, there’s a conclusion
Inductive Reasoning
- From specific thought to a general on, there’s still a conclusion
Aesthetics
- It studies beauty and the appreciation of art
- It asks what makes something beautiful enriches human life
- It examines the nature and value of beauty and artistic experience
Psychology
- Began as a branch of philosophy
- It is the scientific study of the mind and behavior
- Helps us better understand human nature
Existentialism
- Existence precedes essence (you exist first)
- Belief that life has no built-in meaning. Instead, you are entirely free and responsible to create your own purpose through the choices you make every day
Religion
- Examines God, religion’s faith, belief doubt, and the role of religion in human civilization
Existentialism
Religion
Psychology (2)
Philosophy of Man
- Philosophical anthropology
- Attempts to understand man as an individual, as a knower, as a free being, as loving, as being-towards-death, as a being-before-God, in other words, as a BEING-IN-THE-WORLD
to inquire
to frame a picture of the whole universe
To understand the world, not simply change it
Functions of Philosophy