data science

Lookup Questions

could simply find the answer by searching for a specific value in the data

Compute Questions

requires you to use math to find the answer, it uses more than one value found in the data

Relate Questions

requires you to find a possible relationship between more than one value.

Question (could not be answered)

question requires additional information, data

Lookup Question Example

What was the gender of the shopper who purchased an item on January 5, 2019

Compute Question Example

What was the purchase total of the shopper on January 5, 2019

Relate Question Example

Do females or males spend more at the store?

Intersection of fields in data science

statistics, coding, and business knowledge

Data Science

the process of learning about the world using data and computation.

Statistical Questions

could have a variety of different answers, involves looking at more than one piece of data.

Use of data science

make predictions, draw reliable conclusions about the world.

Data Science Life Cycle

a sequence of steps taken to process and use data.

Ask Questions

formulate statistical questions that can be answered with data

Considered Data

collect or record data, or finding an existing data

Analyze Data

run calculations and or create data displays to identify patterns and relationships

Interpret Data

answer questions and determine results

Qualitative Data

data the can be divided into different categories, descriptive data

Quantitative Data

numeric data that can be counted or measured

Data Table

used to organize data in data science, each row represents a case and each column represents a variable

Column

A vertical stack of cells in a table.

Row

The horizontal placement of cells in a table.

Structured Data

Data that (1) are typically numeric or categorical; (2) can be organized in a way that is easy for computers to read, organize, and understand; and (3) can be inserted into a database.

Interpret Data

an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of a distribution

Data Cleaning

The process of fixing or removing incorrect, corrupted, incorrectly formatted, or duplicated data.

Sorting

Arranging data in a specified order.

Filtering

To create displays for relevant information only.

Line Chart

Chart used to illustrate changes in data over time

Pie Chart

used to display distribution, shows the relationship of a part to a whole

Bar Chart

effective for comparing data across different categories and display relationships

Data Visualization

the presentation of data in a pictorial or graphical format

Average

returns the average (arithmetic means) of its arguments, mean

Min

returns the smallest number in a set of values

Max

returns the highest value in a set of data

Revenue

multiplying the quantity of goods by price

If formula

performs logical comparisons and return different results depending on the outcome

Auto Sum

A function that automatically identifies and adds ranges of cells in your worksheet.

Absolute Reference

A cell reference that does not change when a formula is copied to a new location.

=

symbol was used at the beginning of each formula in Excel Spreadsheet

Data labels

text used to identify data points or categories, used to identify each value in the data series

Raw data

The original data as it was collected, not yet processed, formatted, or analyzed.

Data encryption

The process of encoding or translating data into another form so that only the intended recipient can decrypt and read the data

Data minimization

Limiting the collection of personal information to that which is directly relevant and necessary to accomplish a specific task.

Data anonymization

The process of protecting people's private or sensitive data by eliminating identifying information

Data aggregation

The process of collecting and organizing large amounts of information

Statistical questions

Questions that account for variability in the responses, or many different answers