Peds: Exam 1 ch. 6

infants double their birth weight by

4 to 6 months and triple it by 1 year of age.

when does the posterior fontanel closes

2-3 months of age

when does the larger anterior fontanel closes

18 months (1.5 years old)

what disappear at 3 to 4 months

moro, tonic neck, and rooting reflex

what happens at 2 to 3 months

infants can lift their head 90 degrees from a prone position and can hold it steadily erect while in a sitting position

4 to 5 months

infants play with their feet by 4 to 5 months, drawing them up to suck on their toes

5 months

5 months, some infants rock back and forth as a precursor to crawling

6 month old

infants can sit alone, leaning forward on their hands (tripod sitting)

6 to 9 months

infants begin to explore the world by crawling.

by 9 months most infants have enough muscle strength and coordination to pull themselves up and cruise around furniture

wave bye-bye and clap, pick up objects but difficult releasing them on command.

6 to 7 months

infants become increasingly adept at pointing to make their demands known

1 year old

can balance well enough to walk when holding another person’s hand, but resort to crawling as its faster and easier for them.

sensorimotor stage

(birth to 2 years), during which infants experience the world through their senses and their attempts to control the environment.

• grasping, sucking, or looking is dominated by reflexes

Primary circular reactions

age 1 to 4 months

reflexes become more organized, and new schemata are acquired, usually centering on the infant’s body.

sucking and kicking become less reflexive and more controlled

begins to recognize objects, especially those that bring pleasure, such as the breast or bottle

secondary circular reactions

4-8month old infant

play w/ objects in external environment, such as a rattle or stuffed toy

fourth substage

8-12 months

Object permanence, seeking a toy after it’s hidden under a pillow.

possible signs of development delays

lack of eye muscle control after 4-6 months suggest vision impairment.

lack of a social smile 8-12weeks

does not coo or make sounds by 12 weeks

vision

An infant’s eyes at birth are ½ to ¾ of their adult size

eye sight at birth 20/100

proper coordination age 4 to 6 months

high contrast color

hearing

4 months infant turn their eyes and head towards sounds

10 months infants recognize their own name

re-screening

language

3-4 months, infant has distinctive cries based on their needs

social smile

reflexive smile is present 3-5wks old

purposeful sounds influence by environmental factors (native language, autism, learning disabilities, hearing loss)

social smile by 8 to 12wks of age

1–3 Months

Reflexive smile at first, becoming more voluntary; sets up a reciprocal smiling cycle with parent. Cooing.

3–4 Months

Crying becomes more differentiated. Babbling is common.

4–6 Months

Plays with sound, repeating sounds to self. Can identify mother’s voice. May squeal in excitement.

6–8 Months

Single-consonant babbling occurs. Increasing interest in sound.

8–9 Months

Stringing of vowels and consonants together begins. First few words begin to have meaning (mama, daddy, bye-bye, baby). Begins to understand and obey simple commands such as “Wave bye-bye.”

9–12 Months

Vocabulary of two or three words. Gestures are used to communicate. Speech development may slow temporarily when walking begins.

how does trust / mistrust happen

is formed by meeting the needs of the infant

mistrust happens when needs are not met

stranger anxiety forms by

6-7 months and will peak around 7-9 months then again during toddlerhood