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Triple Intervention
An agreement made by Russia, Germany, and France to counter Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War.
Russo-Japanese War
A conflict between Russia and Japan (1904-1905) over territorial disputes in East Asia, resulting in Japan's victory.
March First Movement
A significant Korean independence movement that began on March 1, 1919, advocating against Japanese colonial rule.
Treaty of Versailles
The peace treaty that ended World War I in 1919, imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.
Great Kanto Earthquake
A devastating earthquake that struck the Kanto region of Japan in 1923, resulting in widespread destruction and loss of life.
Taishō Democracy
A period in Japan (1912-1926) characterized by increased democratic freedoms and the rise of civil society.
Hara Kei
A prominent Japanese politician, Prime Minister from 1918 to 1921, known for his attempts to expand democracy.
Moga/Mobo
Terms referring to modern girls (Moga) and modern boys (Mobo) in Japan during the Taishō period, representing new cultural trends.
Warlord Era
A period in Chinese history (1916-1928) dominated by regional military leaders and fragmentation following the fall of the Qing Dynasty.
May Fourth Movement
A cultural and political movement in China that began on May 4, 1919, advocating for modernization and nationalism.
New Youth
A Chinese journal that played a key role in the May Fourth Movement, promoting new cultural ideas and political reforms.
Chinese Communist Party
A political party founded in 1921 in China aiming for a socialist revolution based on Marxist ideology.
Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jeishi)
A Chinese nationalist leader who headed the Kuomintang and played a significant role in China's politics during the early 20th century.
Northern Expedition
A military campaign launched by the National Revolutionary Army in 1926 to unify China under the Kuomintang rule.
Nanjing Decade
The period from 1927 to 1937 when the Nationalist government, led by Chiang Kai-shek, ruled China from Nanjing.
Sakurakai
A Japanese political group that was influential during the Taishō and early Shōwa periods, focused on militarism and expansionism.
Nanjing Massacre or the Rape of Nanjing
The mass murder and rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.
Shintaisei
The term for the reforms and changes in Japanese society during the Taishō and early Shōwa eras, emphasizing modernization.
The Asia-Pacific War
A conflict in the Pacific theater during World War II, involving Japan, the United States, and other nations.
SCAP
Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the Allied occupation of Japan after WWII.
“Comfort Women”
Women who were forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese military during World War II.
“Iron Triangle”
The relationship and mutual support among the Japanese government, bureaucracy, and business community.
Reverse Course
The shift in U.S. policy in Japan post-WWII towards promoting economic recovery and political stability.
Yan’an
The base of the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War and an important symbol of communist ideology.
Maoism
A branch of communist thought derived from the ideas of Mao Zedong, emphasizing peasant-based revolution.
625 War
Also known as the Korean War (1950-1953), a conflict between North and South Korea with international involvement.
Great Leap Forward
An economic and social campaign by the Chinese Communist Party from 1958 to 1962 aimed at rapidly transforming China into a socialist society.
Cultural Revolution
A sociopolitical movement in China (1966-1976) initiated by Mao Zedong to preserve communist ideology by purging capitalist and traditional elements.
Kim Il Sung
The founding leader of North Korea, ruling from 1948 until his death in 1994, and a key figure in establishing a communist regime.
Republic of Korea
The formal name for South Korea, established in 1948, following the end of Japanese rule and the division of Korea.
