chapter 1 PSYC 2010

thinking critically with psychological science

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

what are the two early psychologies

structuralism and functionalism

Structuralism

early school view that breaks down conscious experience into basic elements like sensations, feelings, and images. Founded by Wilhelm Wundt and named by his student Edward Titchener, it uses a method called introspection to study the human mind.

methodology of structuralism was

introspection

Functionalism

created by William James

focus was on WHY and HOW behavior occurs

Neuroscience/Biological

look at the mind-body relationships

most physically oriented approach

Behavioral/Learning

Founded by Watson and Skinner

• Focus on observable behaviors

Cognitive

the study of mental processes

ex: memory

Psychodynamic

created by Freud

• maintains that childhood experiences are critical in adult development

Sociocultural

Looks at the impact of culture and social norms on behavior.

ex:cultures like Japan value well being of group while United States values individualism

Behavior genetics/evolutionary

focus on how genes and environment impact behavior

Clinical psychologist

Study problems of medical/non-medical origin while influence adjustments

Counseling psychologist

help people to cope with adjustments issues

Psychiatrists

Only ones with medical training. can prescribe medication