Big Scary SLS Senior Exam, Combined Notecards

4 components of language

1. phonology

2. morphology

3. syntax

4. semantics

2 primary objectives of Deaf culture

1. adapt, move on and survive

2. maintain unity and identity

2 views for the Deaf community

1. clinical/pathological: outsider view, hearing standard that focuses on what makes Deaf people different

2. cultural: insider view that focuses on language experience and values

what is the NBDA? what year were they established?

national black deaf advocates, 1982

controls

our response to demands, what we do

demands

what happens on a job, what the job requires of us

pluralization

the ability of a language to indicate more than one

reiteration

used to emphasize, reiterating information "bookends"

variant

synonyms, different words or forms that can be used to express the same meaning

culture

set of learned behaviors of a group of people who have their own rules, language, values and behavior

compounds

derivational concept where the meaning changes when two or more words/signs are combined

CASLI

center for assessment of sign language interpreters

colonization

taking over another people, community and/or culture

when and where was the first American school for the Deaf established?

1817, hartford connecticut

referent number agreement

number of referents indicated should match the noun form

how is eyegaze connected to distributional aspect?

signers select with their eyes, there must be eyegaze/sign production agreement

variation in language

people have different ways of saying the same thing

commands and non manuals

imperatives; give commands

nms: frowning, direct eye contact

what % of hearing parents of deaf kids do sign at home

6-9%

spoken language contrastive units

individual sounds

sign language contrastive units

5 parameters

1890, 75% of ___ teachers lost their jobs because____

deaf, couldn't switch to the oral method

respect for consumers tenet

interpreters demonstrate respect for consumers

ASL pluralization techniques

1. repetition

2. number incorporated signs

3. plural signs

4. plural classifiers

5. plural pronouns

6. plural verb signs

7. non-specific number signs

8. specific number signs

when and where was interpreting formalized as a profession?

june 1964, munice indiana

ball state creates RID

types of language variation

1. regional

2. social

3. ethnic

4. gender

5. age

6. socioeconomics

WW1 and WW2 impact on the deaf community

1. more job opportunities

2. more socialization

3. rise of deaf clubs

primary reason for BASL differences

school segregation

what does temporal aspect indicate?

signers perspective on time

why did Gallaudet travel to France?

great britain schools refused to share their oral method

most common cause of deaf blind

usher syndrome

what year was RID founded?

1964

who showed ASL was a real language?

william stokoe

business practices tenet

interpreters maintain ethical business practices

how does signer's perspective effect CL

choice, size, shape, placement

lexical item

single word or sign

ASL registers

1. frozen

2. formal

3. consultative

4. informal

5. intimate

functional equivalence

form based focus on the structure of the SL

bound morpheme

has meaning on its own, but cannot stand alone

interpersonal demands

specific to the interaction of the interpreter and the consumer

rhq and non manuals

connects related comments

nms: raised eyebrows, slight shake or tilt of the head

environmental demands

specific to the setting

professionalism tenet

interpreter possesses the professional skills and knowledge required for the specific interpreting situation

prelingual deafness

people who become deaf before acquiring language

language criteria

1. natural and native

2. arbitrary

3. systematic

4. multilayered

declaratives and nms

convey referential information

nms: none

explaining by example

list examples together to form a concept, using examples when no sign exists to represent that singular concept

unmarked handshape

easy to make, little control

IEP process

1. present academic level

2. goals and objectives

3. accommodations and modifications

4. support and services

citation form

dictionary definition, proclamation and definition of a sign in its most basic form

confidentiality tenet

interpreters adhere to standard of confidential communication

dynamic equivalence

meaning based, affect and intent is the same in target language and source language

english word order

subject verb object

describe then do

describe the situation then roleshift or act out how something is done

sociolinguistics

study of the interrelationship of language and social structure

semantic

relating to meaning in a language or logic

lexicon

vocabulary of a language, person, or branch of knowledge

interpretation

producing a dynamically equivalent message from the source language to the target language following the grammar of the target language

transliteration

information form the source language to the target language keeping the grammar of the source language

couching/scaffolding

grouping together several background/contextual signs to form a concept

faceting

several signs are used to express one idea, to narrow a concept to a more specific image

IDEA

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, 1975

ensures a free public education to students with disabilities, an IEP, parental rights and a LRE

contrasting

highlights one idea by juxtaposing two opposite ideas to emphasize the one

arbitrary

form of the symbol does not reflect the form of the thing it symbolizes

iconic

form of the symbol us an iconic representation of some aspect of the thing it symbolizes

configuration

where you hit on an audiogram

translation

frozen, usually written from one language to another

modulation

the systematic altering of a sign parameter to change the meaning but not the concept

conditionals

if-then

nms: raised eyebrows, head tilt, short pause

who is alice cogswell

deaf daughter of gallaudet's neighbor, met may 25th 1814

who established the first american school for the deaf

thomas hopkins gallaudet and laurent clerc

respect for colleagues tenet

interpreters demonstrate respect for colleagues, interns and students of the profession

DPN demands

1. resignation of hearing president

2. resignation of the board chair person

3. remodel of the board with 51% deaf majority

4. no reprisal of students or staff involved

steps in interpreting

1. take in source language

2. identify deep structural meaning

3. apply contextual schema screen

4. formulate equivalent target language

5. produce target language interpretation

use of space

use sign space to represent how people and objects appear in the real world

marked handshape

difficult, complex

distributional aspect

the modulation of select directional verb signs to indicate some form of distribution or collection

ASL word order

object, subject, verb

prescriptive grammar

grammar that is rule based

attitudinal deafness

self identifying as a part of the deaf community and with its values

language

a system of relatively arbitrary symbols and grammatical signals that change across time and that members of a community share and use for several purposes

localization

the establishing of a referent in a sign space for immediate or future referencing

5 roles of ASL in Deaf culture

1. symbol of identity

2. medium of social interaction

3. cultural values

4. cultural customs

5. cultural knowledge

Deaf world

way of life for the deaf community where deaf and hard of hearing live naturally without hearing influences

conduct tenet

interpreters conduct themselves in a manner appropriate to the specific situation

5 characteristics of culture

1. learned

2. not inherited/ in-born

3. shared by a group of people

4. unspoken

5. dynamic

informal register

purpose: to easily converse

1. everyday conversation

2. run-on

3. slang/vulgarities

4. less precise

5. interpretations may be accepted

6. turn-taking considered

intimate register

purpose: to privately/quickly communicate with each other

1.quick, incomplete concepts

2. incomplete sentences or signs

3. sometimes use "internal language"

4. codes for concepts

5. turn taking is rapid

y/n questions and nms

yes or no answers

nms: eyebrows raised, head/body tilted forward, eyes widened, last sign can be held

whq and nms

nms: furrow eyebrows, tilting head, lean forward slightly, shoulders may be raised

negation and nms

changing an affirmative to a negative

nms: shaking the head, frowning, squinting

topicalization and nms

information expressed at the beginning to draw attention to or emphasize it

nms: raised eyebrows, head tilt, a short pause

minimal pairs

two words/signs with distinct meanings that only have one difference

2 types of CL and what they function as

1. pronoun: can also be verbs and adverbs, replace noun signs

2. adjective: sign and shape specifiers, modify/describe a noun

syntax

the arrangement of signs, words or phrases to create well formed sentences

why are pronoun CL's produced with one hand

to have the other hand free to show the relationship that CL has with other objects

process of historical change

1. change introduced/new form appears

2. old and new co-exist

3. old form disappears

indexing

the use of your index finger and eye gaze to point to a specific location or referent in a sign space

consultative register

provide expert the stricture to consult

1. consulting the experts

2. turn taking rules

3. flow between formal/informal

4. complete sentences

5. enunciation

6. jargon

audism

believing one is better because they are hearing