benis balls brostate

this condition is characterized by the urethral opening being on the ventral surface of the penis

hypospadias

this condition is characterized by the urethral opening being on the dorsal surface of the penis

epispadias

This condition is characterized by the opening of the penile prepuce being too small frequently from repeated infections

phimosis

what is inflammation of the glans and prepuce of the penis

balanoposthitis

what is accumulation of desquamated epithelial cells, sweat and debris in uncircumcised males

smegma

this disease consists of penile plaques from deposition of collagen between corpora cavernosa and tunica albuginea causing curvature of the penis. it is triggered by trauma or vigorous activity

peyronie disease

what is HPV independent malignancy of the penis with white patches on foreskin associated with

balanitis xerotica obliterans

what are the two distinct lesions of HPV associated malignancy of the penis called

Bowen disease and bowenoid papulosis

this disease is in older men, shaft and scrotum affected, solitary gray white plaque or red and velvety on glans and low risk of SCC

Bowen disease

this disease is younger men who are sexually active creating multiple red brown papular lesions which do not progress to invasive SCC

Bowenoid papulosis

this invasive carcinoma of the penis is exophytic, warty, well differentiated, invades locally without mets and is hPV independent

verrucous carcinoma

this invasive carcinoma of the penis is ill defined, gray white ulcerative or endophytic with aggressive and destructive invasion, HPV associated

basaloid squamous carcinoma

this anomaly of the testis occurs when there is an incomplete descent of the testis from the abdomen usually in the inguinal canal

cryptorchidism

this inflammatory condition is characterized by tender testicular mass of sudden onset sometimes w fever, mimics a testicular mass, autoimmune and middle aged men

granulomatous orchitis

this infection is an extension of infection from urethra to prostate , seminal vesicles and then to epididymis and may develop an abscess

gonorrhea

this infection is a systemic viral disease, more common in post pubertal with bilateral involvement causing reduction in fertility

mumps

this disease causes obliterative endocarditis and gummas

syphilis

this congenital anatomical defect where the testicle isn’t secured to the scrotum can cause testicular torsion

bell clapper anomaly

this spermatic cord/paratesticular tumor is associated with a hernia sac where adipose is pulled into inguinal canal

lipoma

this spermatic cord/paratesticular tumor is associated with small nodules near upper pole of epidermis and is the most common benign paratesticular tumor

adenomatoid

this syndrome has components of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and poor sperm quality and is associated with germ cell tumors

testicular dysgenesis syndrome

what is a precursor lesion to germ cell tumors which arises in utero and remains dormant until puberty and is associated with KIT mutation

germ cell neoplasia in situ

what is the most common type of GCT

seminoma

this tumor is bulky, homogeneous, tan white, no hemorrhage or necrosis, has sheets of uniform cells divided by fibrous septa with lymphocytes

seminoma

this germ cell tumor arises in 20-30s, is locally aggressive, variegated, poorly demarcated, hemorrhage and necrosis and alveolar or tubular patterns with papillary convolutions

embryonal carcinoma

this germ cell tumor is the most common in infants and kids up to 3 y/o, not associated with GCNIS in 3 y/o and has AFP marker

yolk sac tumor

which yolk sac form has this: non encapsulated, homogeneous, yellow white, mucinous w cystic changes, hemorrhage and necrosis

adult form

which yolk sac tumor form has this: homogeneous, solid, yellow/tan, myxoid

kids

what glomeruloid feature microscopically is seen with yolk sac tumors

schiller-duval bodies

this germ cell tumor is highly malignant, mets early to lungs or liver, has hemorrhage and necrosis and syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts

choriocarcinoma

this germ cell tumor has more than one germ layer of cells present, large, heterogeneous, cartilaginous and cystic areas with hemorrhage and necrosis

teratoma

is the prepubertal form or post pubertal form of teratoma pure, benign, and not associated with GCNIS

prepubertal

where do germ cell tumors spread hematogenously

lungs, liver, brain, bones

which germ cell tumor has the best prognosis?

seminomas

this sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor may elaborate androgens, estrogens and corticosteroids with testicular swelling or gynecomastia, is golden brown and circumscribed

leydig cell tumor

what are the round or polygonal cells with rod shapes found in leydig cell tumors called

crystalloids of reinke

this sex cord gonadal stromal tumor is hormonally silent, firm, small, gray white to yellow with cells arranged in trabeculae forming cord like structures

Sertoli cell tumor

what is the most common testicular neoplasm in men > 60 years/o

testicular lymphoma

what is chronic abacterial prostitis referred to as

chronic pelvic pain syndrome

what can BCG treatment for bladder cancer cause in the prostate?

granulomatous prostatitis

dihydrotestosterone binding androgen receptors which encode TGF-B and fibroblast growth factor family causing increased proliferation of stomal cells and decrease the death of epithelial cells is the pathogenesis of what prostatic disease

BPH

this hormone plays a role in BPH by tipping the balance towards proliferation

estrogen

what is the most common form of cancer in men in US

prostatic adenocarcinoma

what genetic alteration occurs in approximately 50% of prostate cancers

TMPRSS2-EGR

What is a precursor lesion to prostatic adenocarcinoma

high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

where do most prostatic adenocarcinomas arise

posterior in the peripheral zone

where does hematogenous spread of adenocarcinoma of the prostate typically spread

axial skeleton

what is the most common tumor to secondarily involve the prostate

urothelial cancer