lab exam physics 2

1. What type of wave is created when the length of a string is an integral multiple of the wavelength?
• A. Transverse wave
• B. Longitudinal wave
• C. Standing wave
• D. Traveling wave

C. Standing Wave

2. Which property is considered the inertial property of a stretched string?
• A. Tension
• B. Frequency
• C. Linear density
• D. Wavelength

C. Linear Density

3. In a standing wave, what are the points of maximum displacement called?
• A. Nodes
• B. Antinodes
• C. Segments
• D. Peaks

B. Antinodes

4. What is the relationship between wavelength (λ), frequency (f), and wave speed (v)?
• A. λ = v × f
• B. λ = v / f
• C. λ × f = v
• D. λ / f = v

• C. λ × f = v

5. What does each segment of a standing wave represent?
• A. One full wavelength
• B. One-quarter wavelength
• C. One-half wavelength
• D. One-third wavelength

• C. One-half wavelength

6. Which graph is used to determine the linear density of the string in Part A of the experiment?
• A. Tension vs. frequency
• B. Tension vs. 1/n²
• C. Frequency vs. tension
• D. Frequency vs. n

• B. Tension vs. 1/n²

7. What is the purpose of adjusting the amplitude of the function generator?
• A. To change the wave speed
• B. To increase the number of segments
• C. To get a clear standing wave
• D. To measure tension accurately

C. To get a clear standing wave

8. What does Coulomb’s law describe?
• A. The motion of electrons
• B. The electric field intensity
• C. The force between two point charges
• D. The potential difference in a circuit

C. The force between two point charges

9. What is the unit of electric field intensity?
• A. Newton
• B. Volt
• C. Newton per Coulomb
• D. Coulomb per meter

C. Newton per Coulomb

10. What is the direction of the electric field at a point on a line of force?
• A. Perpendicular to the line
• B. Tangent to the line
• C. Opposite to the line
• D. Random

• B. Tangent to the line

11. What is the potential difference between two points on an equipotential line?
• A. Maximum
• B. Zero
• C. Equal to the field strength
• D. Depends on distance

• B. Zero

12. What is the purpose of using conductive ink in the Pasco Field Mapping Apparatus?
• A. To measure voltage
• B. To draw electrodes
• C. To connect wires
• D. To insulate the paper

• B. To draw electrodes

13. What does a voltmeter reading of zero between two points indicate?
• A. Maximum field strength
• B. Same potential
• C. High resistance
• D. No electric field

• B. Same potential

14. How are electric field lines drawn in relation to equipotential lines?
• A. Parallel
• B. Tangent
• C. Perpendicular
• D. Random

• C. Perpendicular

15. What is the formula for Ohm’s Law?
• A. V = IR
• B. V = I/R
• C. R = V × I
• D. I = R/V

A. V = IR

16. What type of element obeys Ohm’s Law?
• A. Non-ohmic
• B. Ohmic
• C. Capacitive
• D. Inductive

B. Ohmic

17. What happens to the resistance of a light bulb filament as it heats up?
• A. Decreases
• B. Remains constant
• C. Increases
• D. Becomes zero

C. Increases

18. What does the slope of a voltage vs. current graph represent?
• A. Current
• B. Voltage
• C. Resistance
• D. Power

C. Resistance

19. What causes the brightness of a light bulb to flicker at low AC frequencies?
• A. Constant voltage
• B. Thermal inertia
• C. High resistance
• D. Low current

B. Thermal Inertia

20. What is used to measure current in the circuit in Part C?
• A. Voltmeter
• B. Ammeter
• C. Galvanometer
• D. Multimeter

B. Ammeter

21. What is the purpose of calculating the voltage/current ratio in Part C?
• A. To find power
• B. To determine resistance
• C. To measure voltage
• D. To calibrate the multimeter

B. To determine resistance

22. What is the formula for equivalent resistance in a series circuit?
• A. 1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
• B. Rs = R1 + R 2 + R 3
• C. R s = R1 × R2 × R3
• D. R s = (R1 + R 2)/R3

• B. Rs = R1 + R 2 + R 3

23. In a series circuit, what remains constant across all resistors?
• A. Voltage
• B. Resistance
• C. Current
• D. Power

C. Current

24. What is the formula for equivalent resistance in a parallel circuit?
• A. Rp = R1 + R 2 + R 3
• B. R p = R1 × R2 × R3
• C. 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
• D. R p = (R1 + R 2)/R3

C. 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3

25. In a parallel circuit, what remains constant across all resistors?
• A. Current
• B. Voltage
• C. Resistance
• D. Power

B. Voltage

26. What happens to the total current in a parallel circuit?
• A. It decreases
• B. It remains constant
• C. It splits among branches
• D. It becomes zero

B. It remains constant

27. What is the purpose of calculating percent difference in the experiment?
• A. To find average resistance
• B. To compare theoretical and measured values
• C. To calibrate instruments
• D. To measure voltage drop

B. To compare theoretical and measured values

28. What is the configuration called when resistors are connected head-to-tail?
• A. Parallel
• B. Series
• C. Mixed
• D. Open

B. Series

29. What is the unit of electrical energy in this experiment?
• A. Calories
• B. Joules
• C. Watts
• D. Volts

B. Joules

30. What is the formula for electrical power?
• A. P = V/I
• B. P = I/R
• C. P = VI
• D. P = V + I

C. P = VI

31. What is the specific heat capacity of water used in the experiment?
• A. 4.186 J/g°C
• B. 1 cal/g°C
• C. 0.5 cal/g°C
• D. 2 J/g°C

A and B

32. What does the resistor submerged in water demonstrate?
• A. Mechanical energy
• B. Electrical resistance
• C. Joule heating
• D. Voltage dro

C. Joule heating

33. What is the formula for heat absorbed by water?
• A. H = mcΔT
• B. H = VIt
• C. H = IR
• D. H = P/t

A. H = mcΔT

34. What is the conversion factor between joules and calories?
• A. 1 cal = 2.5 J
• B. 1 cal = 4.186 J
• C. 1 cal = 1 J
• D. 1 cal = 3.14 J

B. 1 cal = 4.186 J

35. What is the purpose of stirring the water during heating?
• A. To cool the resistor
• B. To ensure uniform temperature
• C. To increase voltage
• D. To measure current

B. To ensure uniform temperature

36. What does an oscilloscope measure?
• A. Resistance
• B. Voltage vs. time
• C. Temperature
• D. Mass

B. Voltage vs. time

37. What is the function of the electron gun in a CRT?
• A. To measure voltage
• B. To generate electron beam
• C. To deflect the beam
• D. To display frequency

B. To generate electron beam

38. What waveform is used for horizontal sweep in a CRT?
• A. Sine wave
• B. Square wave
• C. Sawtooth wave
• D. Triangle wave

C. Sawtooth wave

39. What is the relationship between frequency and period?
• A. f = T
• B. f = 1/T
• C. f = T²
• D. f = √T

B. f = 1/T

40. What does Vpp represent on an oscilloscope?
• A. Voltage per pixel
• B. Voltage peak-to-peak
• C. Voltage per period
• D. Voltage per probe

B. Voltage peak-to-peak

41. What is the rms value of a sinusoidal voltage?
• A. Vmax × 2
• B. Vmax × 0.707
• C. Vmax / 2
• D. Vmax × 1.414

B. Vmax × 0.707

42. What is the purpose of the vertical deflection plates?
• A. To sweep the beam horizontally
• B. To measure current
• C. To deflect the beam vertically
• D. To generate voltage

C. To deflect the beam vertically

43. What does the time constant τ = RC represent in an RC circuit?
• A. The maximum voltage across the capacitor
• B. The time for the capacitor to fully charge
• C. The time for the current to reach zero
• D. The time for the voltage to reach 1/e of its initial value

D. The time for the voltage to reach 1/e of its initial value

44. Which equation describes the voltage across a charging capacitor in an RC circuit?
• A. V(t) = V₀e^(-t/RC)
• B. V(t) = V₀(1 - e^(-t/RC))
• C. V(t) = V₀t/RC
• D. V(t) = V₀ + e^(t/RC)

B. V(t) = V₀(1 - e^(-t/RC))

45. What is the half-life τₕ of an RC circuit related to?
• A. τₕ = RC × ln(2)
• B. τₕ = RC / ln(2)
• C. τₕ = RC × 2
• D. τₕ = RC / 2

A. τₕ = RC × ln(2)

46. In an RC circuit, what happens to the current as the capacitor charges?
• A. It increases linearly
• B. It remains constant
• C. It decreases exponentially
• D. It oscillates

C. It decreases exponentially

47. What type of waveform is used to simulate switching in an RC circuit?
• A. Sine wave
• B. Triangle wave
• C. Square wave
• D. Sawtooth wave

C. Square wave

48. What device is used to visualize the voltage across a capacitor in real time?
• A. Ammeter
• B. Multimeter
• C. Oscilloscope
• D. Voltmeter

C. Oscilloscope

49. What is the effect of increasing resistance in an RC circuit?
• A. Faster charging
• B. Slower charging
• C. No effect
• D. Higher final voltage

B. Slower charging

50. What is the formula for the magnetic field inside an ideal solenoid?
• A. B = μ₀I
• B. B = μ₀nI
• C. B = μ₀N/L
• D. B = μ₀IL

B. B = μ₀nI

51. What does the symbol μ₀ represent?
• A. Magnetic flux
• B. Magnetic permeability of a material
• C. Permeability of free space
• D. Magnetic field strength

• C. Permeability of free space

52. Which factor does NOT affect the magnetic field inside a solenoid?
• A. Current
• B. Number of turns
• C. Length of solenoid
• D. Radius of solenoid

• D. Radius of solenoid

53. What is the direction of the magnetic field inside a solenoid determined by?
• A. Left-hand rule
• B. Compass orientation
• C. Right-hand rule
• D. Magnetic polarity

• C. Right-hand rule

54. What is the unit of magnetic field strength?
• A. Tesla
• B. Ampere
• C. Volt
• D. Ohm

• A. Tesla

55. What is the purpose of using a Hall-effect sensor in this experiment?
• A. To measure voltage
• B. To measure current
• C. To measure magnetic field
• D. To measure resistance

• C. To measure magnetic field

56. What is the relationship between magnetic field and current in a solenoid?
• A. Linear
• B. Exponential
• C. Inverse
• D. Logarithmic

• A. Linear

57. What is required to induce a current in a coil using a magnet?
• A. Stationary magnet
• B. Constant magnetic field
• C. Relative motion between magnet and coil
• D. High temperature

• C. Relative motion between magnet and coil

58. Who discovered the law of electromagnetic induction?
• A. Oersted
• B. Faraday
• C. Lenz
• D. Amperes

• B. Faraday

59. What does Lenz’s Law state?
• A. Induced current flows in the direction of the magnetic field
• B. Induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux
• C. Magnetic flux is constant
• D. Current is proportional to voltage

B. Induced current opposes the change in magnetic flux

60. Which of the following affects magnetic flux?
• A. Magnetic field strength
• B. Area of the coil
• C. Angle between field and coil
• D. All of the above

• D. All of the above

61. What is the formula for magnetic flux?
• A. Φ = B/A
• B. Φ = BAcosθ
• C. Φ = B + A
• D. Φ = B × A × sinθ

• B. Φ = BAcosθ

62. What is the unit of magnetic flux?
• A. Tesla
• B. Gauss
• C. Weber
• D. Ampere

• C. Weber

63. What happens when a magnet is moved away from a coil?
• A. No current is induced
• B. Current is induced in the same direction
• C. Current is induced in the opposite direction
• D. Magnetic field increases

• C. Current is induced in the opposite direction

64. What is the condition for resonance in a series LRC circuit?
• A. XL = XC
• B. X L > X C
• C. X L < X C
• D. X L = R

• A. XL = XC

65. At resonance, the impedance of a series LRC circuit is equal to:
• A. X L
• B. X C
• C. R
• D. Zero

• C. R

66. Which of the following expressions gives the resonant angular frequency?
• A. ω = LC
• B. ω = 1/LC
• C. ω = √(LC)
• D. ω = 1/√(LC)

• D. ω = 1/√(LC)

67. What happens to the current in a series LRC circuit at resonance?
• A. It becomes zero
• B. It reaches a maximum
• C. It becomes minimum
• D. It fluctuates randomly

• B. It reaches a maximum

68. Which component's voltage is measured to determine resonance in the experiment?
• A. Inductor
• B. Capacitor
• C. Resistor
• D. Power supply

• C. Resistor

69. What is the purpose of plotting normalized voltage vs. frequency?
• A. To measure resistance
• B. To find resonant frequency
• C. To calculate inductance
• D. To determine capacitance

• B. To find resonant frequency

70. At resonance, the voltages across the inductor and capacitor are:
• A. Zero
• B. Equal and opposite
• C. Maximum and minimum
• D. Equal and in phase

• B. Equal and opposite

71. What type of mirror is considered converging?
• A. Convex mirror
• B. Plane mirror
• C. Concave mirror
• D. Cylindrical mirror

• C. Concave mirror

72. What is the focal length of a mirror with a radius of curvature R?
• A. R
• B. R/2
• C. 2R
• D. R/4

• B. R/2

73. Which of the following statements is true about real images?
• A. Rays appear to diverge from the image
• B. Rays actually diverge from the image
• C. Real images are always erect
• D. Real images are always virtual

• B. Rays actually diverge from the image

74. What is the magnification formula for mirrors and lenses?
• A. M = hi/ho
• B. M = do/di
• C. M = di/do
• D. M = f/do

• A. M = hi/ho

75. What is the sign convention for the focal length of a convex lens?
• A. Negative
• B. Zero
• C. Positive
• D. Undefined

• C. Positive

76. What type of lens causes parallel rays to diverge as if from a focal point?
• A. Convex lens
• B. Concave lens
• C. Cylindrical lens
• D. Plane lens

• B. Concave lens

77. Which equation relates object distance, image distance, and focal length for lenses?
• A. 1/f = 1/do + 1/di
• B. f = do + di
• C. f = do * di
• D. f = di - do

• A. 1/f = 1/do + 1/di