Micro exam 4 questions

"Bacteria sex" is also referred to as

conjugation

Some prokaryotic cells have a nucleus

false

Gram Positive bacteria are MORE resistant to antibiotics because of their thick peptidoglycan cell wall.

false

If you observe a single bacteria species under a microscope but each cell looks different how would you describe it?

pleomorphic

If you observe a bacteria under a microscope and it appears to be chains of spherically shaped cells how would it be described?

Strep - cocci

What chemical makes up the cell wall of all bacteria?

peptidoglycan

A bacteria that is capable of growing without oxygen but grows best in an oxygen rich environment would be classified as

Facultative Anaerobe

Endotoxin is only found in what group of bacteria

gram negative

Bacteria reproduction is also called

binary fission

Gram Positive bacteria have 3 layers in their cell envelopes.

False

"Bacterial sex" occurs when two cells exchange plasmids using what cell structure?

pili

Which of the below does NOT apply to bacteria?

Linear Chromosomes

Endotoxin is only found as a part of

Gram negative bacteria

A superinfection is one that is caused by

long term use of antibiotics

The ability for a drug to be harmful to a pathogen while also not harming human cells is called

selective toxicity

Beta-lactams target what part of bacterial cells

peptidoglycan

Which of these is NOT a beta-lactam antibiotic?

Vancomycin

Why do some antibiotics require the observation of kidney & liver health?

these organs metabolize some antibiotics and may become stressed

Vancomycin is effective against Gram Negative bacteria only.

False

The first antibiotic discovered and used in medicine was penicillin

True

Any antibiotic can be administered orally.

False

An antibiotic that is classified as bacteriocidal works by

killing the bacteria

Which of the below is NOT a target for antibiotics?

Nucleus

"Staph" infections are primarily treated with

beta lactams

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus that produce leukocidin are associated with causing what major symptom?

pus

Which vaccine contains a denatured version of the toxin tetanospasmin?

DTaP

Streptococcal pharyngitis is caused by which Streptococcus species?

pyogenes

Botulinum toxin and Tetanospasmin toxin both cause

paralysis

Fecal transplants restore the gut microbiome of patients with

Clostridium difficile

Otitis media is the most common complication in children with

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Strains of Staphylococcus aureus that produce exfoliative toxin are associated with causing

Scaled Skin Syndrome

What agar is used to culture Staphylococcus aureus from other Staphylococcus bacteria?

Mannitol Salt Agar

Typhoid fever is an enteric disease that is transmissible only between humans and is caused by which Gram negative bacteria

Salmonella typhi

If a patient with a urinary catheter develops a Urinary Tract Infection and you notice there is a slight green pigmentation to near the urethra and the catheter then the most likely cause would be

Pseudomonas aerugenosa

Staphylococcus aureus CAN cause endotoxic shock.

False

THE last line antibiotic that is also one of the only effective treatments against Pseudomonas infections is

Colistin (Polymyxin E)

Which of the below CAN cause endotoxic shock if they gain access to the blood?

Neisseria meningitidis

Most coliforms are enteric bacteria so their most common method of transmission would be

fecal - oral

Why are Gram negative bacteria naturally more resistant to more antibiotics than Gram positive bacteria?

The outer membrane prevents antibiotics from entering the cell

Patients with burns, cystic fibrosis, catheters, or use respiratory equipment are likely to contract

Correct answer:

Pseudomonas aerugenosa

Patients experiencing latent stage Tuberculosis are NOT contagious.

True

Mycoplasma bacteria are polymorphic because

they don't have a cell wall

A patient with a history of unprotected sex and past treatment for Chlamydia is currently experiencing episodes of hand tremors and dizziness. You notice multiple unhealed ulcerations on the patients face near the nose and mouth. Stains from collected fluids indicate the presence of Gram negative spirillia bacteria. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Syphilis

Labored breathing, shortness of breath, croup, stroke are all symptoms of what vaccine preventable childhood bacterial infection?

Whooping cough

The most common bacterial STI is caused by what pathogen?

Chlamydia trachomatis

The BCG vaccine is used to prevent infections from

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Lyme disease initially presents with what symptom in most people shortly after infection?

erythema migrans

Tuberculosis primarily causes an acute infection.

false

Bacteria that do not respond to a Gram stain are identified by what other stain

Acid fast stain

Dental cavities and periodontal disease are typically cause by

Streptococcus mutons

The treatment for choice MRSA is

Vancomycin

What agar is used to culture staphylococcus aureus from other Staphylococcus bacteria?

Mannitol Salt Agar

Ottis media is the most common complication in children with

Streptococcus pneumonia

Typhoid fever is a enteric disease that is only transmitted between humans and is caused by which gram negative bacteria?

Salmonella typhi

Mycoplasma pneumonia is contagious

True

Not beta-lactan antibiotic

Vancomycin

you observe a bacteria under a microscope and it appears to be chains of spherically shaped ceils how would it be describes?

Strep-cocci

A patient is experiencing stiff neck, headache, and rash. A gram stain on its cerebral spinal fluid shows a gram-negative confirmation. which is the most likely pathogen?

neisseria meningitis

Most ESKAPE pathogens are gram negative bacteria?

True

Staph infections are most commonly treated with

Beta lactans

vancomycin is effective against gram negative bacteria only?

True

ESKAPE Acronym is used to The names of bacteria that are resistant to

Antibiotics resistant

Gram positive have 3 layers

False

Staphylococcus aureus CAN cause endotoxin shock

False

which of the following pathogens is vectored by Ixodes spp. tick?

Borrelia burgforferi

Streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus can Cause similar diseases, such as impetigo, cellulitis, and toxic shock syndrome.

True

Which of the following contributes to antibiotic resistance?

All the above

Why do antibiotics like macrolides That target ribosomes not cause human cell death?

Bacterial ribosomes have A different function than human ribosomes