Geographical Methods – Fieldwork Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms from the 'Geographical Methods' lecture notes.

Fieldwork

A systematic approach to investigate geographical phenomena and related issues by applying geographic concepts and skills outside the classroom.

5 Stages of the Fieldwork Process

(1) Craft research question or hypothesis, (2) Collect data, (3) Analyse data, (4) Present findings, (5) Conclude and evaluate.

Research Question

A 5W1H-based question that defines the scope of an investigation; used when variable relationships are uncertain.

Hypothesis

A measurable, predictive statement linking two or more variables; used when relationships are relatively well known.

Variable

An element, feature, or factor that can take on different values within a study.

Primary Data

Information collected first-hand by researchers themselves, such as photographs, sketches, or responses from their own surveys.

Secondary Data

Information gathered by others, including books, articles, journals, maps, or existing survey results.

Quantitative Data

Data that can be quantified and measured numerically, often derived from closed-ended surveys or counts.

Qualitative Data

Data that are descriptive, subjective, and not easily measurable, e.g., interview transcripts or photographs.

Closed-Ended Questionnaire Survey

A survey with limited response options that yields quantitative, easily tabulated data.

Open-Ended Responses

Participant answers that allow free-form expression, generating rich qualitative data.

Semi-Structured Interview

A flexible interview format without a fixed question list, allowing follow-up based on participant answers.

Data Collection Sequence

The planned order in which quantitative and qualitative data are gathered (e.g., quantitative-then-qualitative or vice versa).

Limitation (Fieldwork)

A restriction arising from factors like study aim, area, time, resources, or sample size that affects investigation design.

Risk (Fieldwork)

A potential danger to people or nature during fieldwork, such as injuries, traffic accidents, or wildlife encounters.

Sample Size

The number of observations or participants included in a study; at least 30 is recommended for statistical reliability.

Mitigation Measure

An action taken to reduce or eliminate identified fieldwork risks, e.g., wearing proper shoes or following traffic rules.

Pilot Survey

A small-scale test of a questionnaire or method to check clarity, timing, and data handling before the main survey.

Ethical Considerations (Fieldwork)

Guidelines to protect participant rights and well-being, including informed consent, anonymity, and avoidance of offensive questions.

Sense of Place

The emotional attachment and meaning people associate with a specific location, often studied to understand community identity.