ENGLISH BUSINESS | Quizlet

Accrued expenses

Expenses that have been incurred but not yet paid or recorded.

Long-term liabilities

Financial obligations not due within the current year.

Costs and expenses

Outflows of money to operate a business.

Net cash from operating activities

Cash generated from the core business operations.

Income tax

Tax levied by the government on income earned.

Net profit

The actual profit after all expenses, taxes, and costs have been subtracted from total revenue.

Intangible assets

Non-physical assets such as patents or trademarks.

Inventories

Goods and materials a business holds for sale or production.

Retained earnings

Accumulated net earnings not distributed to shareholders.

Operating profit

Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).

Minority interests

Ownership in a company held by investors other than the parent company.

Consolidated balance sheet

A balance sheet that includes the assets and liabilities of a parent and its subsidiaries.

Fixed assets

Long-term tangible property used in business (e.g., buildings, equipment).

Non-current assets

Assets that are not expected to be converted into cash within one year.

Plant

Physical assets used for manufacturing.

Deferred tax assets

Overpaid taxes or tax credits that can be used in future periods.

Goodwill

The excess value paid over the fair value of a company's net assets during acquisition.

Intangible rights

Rights without physical form, like copyrights or trademarks.

Capitalized R&D costs

Research and development costs recorded as an asset.

Current assets

Assets expected to be converted into cash within one year.

Account receivable

Money owed to a company by customers.

Pre-paid expenses

Payments made in advance for goods or services.

Cash and cash equivalents

Highly liquid short-term investments.

Shareholders' equity

The owners' residual interest in the company's assets after liabilities are deducted.

Treasury shares

Shares bought back by the company.

Translation differences

Differences from converting financial statements into a different currency.

Long-term interest-bearing liabilities

Debts that require interest payments and are due after one year.

Bonds

Fixed income investments representing loans to entities.

Convertible bonds

Bonds that can be converted into a predetermined number of shares.

Pension loans

Loans related to employee retirement funds.

Short-term borrowings

Loans due within a year.

Accounts payable

Money a company owes to suppliers.

Personnel expenses

Costs related to employee compensation.

Cash flow

The movement of money into and out of a business.

Operating activities

Principal revenue-generating activities of a company.

Interest

Cost of borrowing money.

Acquisition of group companies

Buying control over other companies in a group.

Net of acquired cash

The value of an acquisition excluding any cash acquired.

Treasury shares acquired

Repurchased shares that reduce shareholders' equity.

Capital expenditures

Money spent on acquiring or maintaining fixed assets.

Proceeds from disposal of shares in group companies net of disposed cash

Money received from selling subsidiaries, excluding their cash.

Dividends received

Income from investments in other companies.

Share issue

The process of offering new shares for sale.

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

The overall change in liquid assets over a period.

Assets

Everything a company owns.

Liabilities

Financial debts or obligations.

Turnover

Total sales revenue.

Depreciation/amortization

Reduction in value of tangible/intangible assets over time.

Creditors/accounts payable

People or organizations the company owes money to.

Debtors/accounts receivable

People or organizations that owe money to the company.

Overheads/overhead

Ongoing business expenses not linked to production.

Earnings/income

Money earned from business activities.

Shareholders/stockholders

Owners of shares in a company.

Stock/inventory

Goods held for sale or use.

Revenues

Income from normal business activities.

Operating expenses

Day-to-day running costs of a business.

Reduction

A decrease in value or quantity.

Going concern

A business expected to operate indefinitely.

Understate

To present something as being smaller or less important than it really is.

Net book value

Asset value after depreciation has been subtracted.

Inflation

The general increase in prices over time.

Profit and loss account/income statement

Financial statement showing income, expenses, and profit.

Retained

Kept and not distributed.

Balance sheet

A statement of a company's financial position.

Patents

Legal rights to inventions.

Copyright

Legal protection for original works.

Trade mark

A recognizable sign or design representing a business or product.

Double-entry

Accounting system where every entry has both a debit and credit.

Bookkeeping

Recording of financial transactions.

Paid-in surplus

Money paid by investors over the nominal share value.

Capitalization

The total value of a company's shares and debt.

Net assets

Total assets minus total liabilities.

Funds flow statement, source and application of funds statement

Statement showing how funds were generated and used.

Statement of changes in financial position

Highlights changes in the company's financial condition.

Trading profits

Profits from core operations.

Trading loss

Losses from regular operations.

Repayment

The act of paying back money borrowed.

Crowdfunding

Raising small amounts of money from many people to fund a project.

Incentive

Something that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

Patronage

Support given by a patron, often financial.

Bud

A small beginning or undeveloped form.

Entrepreneur

A person who starts and runs a business.

Chunk of cash

A large amount of money.

High street bank

A major retail bank with branches on main streets.

One-off funding

A single, non-repeating financial contribution.

On-going support

Continuous or regular assistance.

Revenue

Income a company receives from sales or services.

Chase bills

To pursue overdue payments.

Cut out

To eliminate or remove.

Middleman

An intermediary between producer and consumer.

Target market

A specific group of consumers aimed at by a product or service.

Marketing strategy

A plan for promoting and selling products or services.

Blood, sweat and tears

Hard work and effort.

Better-suited

More appropriate or fitting.

Start-up

A newly established business.

Set up a business

To start a new business.

Fulfil an order

To complete and deliver a customer's purchase.

Working capital

Money available for daily operations.

Feasible

Possible and practical to do.

Short-term bank loan

A loan that must be repaid within a short period.