EARTHSCI - WATER RESOURCES

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

It is the movement of water around Earth's surface and its subsystems.

Reservoirs

the places where water resides for varying amount of time.

Pathways

processes that allows water to move between reservoirs and subsystems.

EVAPORATION

process in which liquid water changes into vapor.

TRANSPIRATION

the evaporation of water from the leaves and stems of plants, which contributes to about 10% of the water vapor in the atmosphere.

Sublimation

direct transformation of ice into water vapor.

Condensation

change from vapor into liquid or solid to occur. Water droplets group together and form clouds.

Precipitation

transfers water from the atmosphere to Earth's surface in liquid or solid from as rain, snow, hail.

Infiltration

process in which rain falls into land surface that penetrates the soil

RUNOFF

occurs when precipitation exceeds infiltration.

EARTH'S WATER

It covers 71% of the Earth's surface. Earth's water budget is the total amount of water in the planet.

1.Saltwater Reservoirs

2.Freshwater Reservoirs

-Glaciers and Ice Sheets

-Permafrost

3.Surface Water Reservoirs

-Stream (river, tributaries)

-Lakes (ponds, dams)

-Wetlands (marsh, swamp, estuary)

-Floods

-Groundwater

WATER RESERVOIRS

GROUNDWATER

Fresh water found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface.

It is the largest reservoir of liquid fresh water on Earth.

river

type of stream that has well defined channel

tributaries

type of stream that has many channels

pond

type of lake that is shallow and small

dam

the barrier in the lake

marsh

type of wetland that has grass and small plants

swamp

type of wetland that has trees

estuary

type of wetland where freshwater meets saltwater

DESALINATION

allows the removal of dissolved salts and minerals from water.

-Population growth, particularly in water-short regions

-Movement of large number of people from the countryside to towns and cities

-Demands for greater food security and higher living standards.

-Increased competition between different uses of water resources

-Pollution from factories, cities and farmlands

ACTIVITIES AFFECTING THE

QUALITY OF WATER:

Presidential Degree Law (P.D.) 1586

environmentally critical projects (ECPs) which can cause deterioration of natural resources, including water bodies, are required to obtain an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) before being allowed to operate.

Presidential Degree Law (P.D.) 1067

- ensures the implementation of the Water Code of the Philippines

- includes rules in the appropriation and utilization of waters and control conservation and protection of waters and watersheds.

R.A. 8041

- also known as the National Water Crisis Act of 1995

- address the nationwide water crisis by implementing implementing penalties for unlawful acts related to water utilities, and encouraging private sector participation in water projects.

R.A. 9275

- also known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

- designates water bodies like rivers as water quality management areas (WQMA) for the protection of water quality of rivers which are essential to public health and livelihood.