Introduction to Globalization

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, attributes, scapes, and dimensions of globalization as presented in the lecture notes.

Globalization

A process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology.

Manfred Steger's Definition of Globalization

The expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world-space.

Expansion

The creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional political, economic, cultural, and geographic boundaries.

Intensification

The expansion, stretching, and acceleration of social networks.

Ethnoscapes

Refers to the global movement of people.

Mediascape

Refers to the flow of culture.

Technoscape

Refers to the circulation of mechanical goods and software.

Financescape

Denotes the global circulation of money.

Ideoscape

The realm where political ideas move around.

Economic Globalization

Refers to the widespread international movement of goods, capital, services, technology, and information, increasing the economic integration and interdependence of economies through an intensification of cross-border relations.

International Governmental Organizations (IGOs)

Entities created by treaty, involving two or more nations, to work in good faith on issues of common interest such as peace, security, and economic or social questions.

International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Includes charities, non-profit advocacy groups, business associations, and cultural associations; they often provide more economic aid to developing countries than developed country governments.

International Outsourcing

The contracting out of a business process, operational, or non-core functions (such as payroll processing, manufacturing, or call center support) to another party, often in low-wage countries.

Race to the Bottom

A consequence of economic globalization relating to the downward pressure on labor conditions and environmental standards.

Capital Flight

An impact of economic globalization involving a large-scale exodus of financial assets and capital from a nation.

Political Globalization

Refers to the growth of the worldwide political system in size and complexity, including national governments, intergovernmental organizations, and global civil society.

Civil Society (third sector)

The aggregate of NGOs and institutions that manifest the interests and will of citizens.

Nation-State

A state in which a great majority shares the same culture, government, and is conscious of it.

Global Governance

The movement towards political cooperation among transnational actors, such as national governments and IGOs.

Cultural Globalization

Refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.

Culture

An umbrella term encompassing social behavior and norms in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of individuals.

Hybridization

A perspective suggested by Jan Pieterse arguing that cultural globalization involves human integration and cultural mixing across continents and regions going back many centuries.

Cultural Homogeneity

A perspective of cultural globalization that suggests the development of a single, uniform culture.