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principle number (n)
describes the shell, starts closest to the nucleus, when the number increases the shell’s energy increases
angular momentum (L)
a subshell describing the shape (s, p, d, etc)
magnetic quantum number (mL)
which subshell the electron is in
spin quantum number (ms)
which direction the electron spins
angular momentum = 0
the s subshell
angular momentum = 1
the p subshell
angular momentum = 2
d subshell
electron configuration
describes the shell number, subshell, and orbitals
pauli exclusion principle
states no electron can have the same “address”
aufbau principle
states electrons fill subshells from lowest to highest energy level
orbital diagram
visual representation of electron configuration, each box is one orbital, each arrow is an electron, where the arrow points is ms
hund’s rule
states that electrons spread out when possible
core electrons
electrons in the inner shells
atomic size trends
size decreases across periods, size increases down rows
atomic radii trends
when there are more protons than electrons the electrons are held more tightly
electron affinity
energy change needed from an electron to form an ion