1.1 Monomers and polymers

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6 Terms

1
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What are monomers?

  • Monomers are smaller, repeating units from which larger molecules are made.

2
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What are polymers?

  • Polymers are larger molecules made from many (a large number of) identical or similar monomer molecules.

3
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What are the three key examples of biological monomers and their corresponding polymers?

  • Nucleotide → Polynucleotide (DNA or RNA)

  • Monosaccharide (e.g., glucose) → Polysaccharide (e.g., starch)

  • Amino acid → Polypeptide (protein)

4
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What is a condensation reaction?

  • It is a reaction where two molecules join together.

  • A chemical bond is formed between them.

  • A water molecule is released.

5
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What is a hydrolysis reaction?

  • It is a reaction where two molecules are separated.

  • A chemical bond is broken between them.

  • A water molecule is used.

6
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Describe how polymers are formed from and broken down into monomers.

  • Polymers are formed from monomers via condensation reactions, which release water molecules.

  • Polymers are broken down into monomers via hydrolysis reactions, which use water molecules.

  • This applies to forming polynucleotides from nucleotides, polysaccharides from monosaccharides, and polypeptides from amino acids.