Lab 4 - Life Chemistry

Carbohydrates?

Sugars & starches

What do carbs provide?

Energy to cells

Elements in carbs?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Three classes of carbs?

Mono, di, poly

Monosaccharide?

One sugar

Mono examples?

Glucose, fructose, ribose

Hexose sugars?

Six-carbon sugars

Pentose sugars?

Five-carbon sugars

What detects sugars?

Benedict’s reagent

What color does Benedict’s reagent turn?

Red / orange

Disaccharide?

Two sugars

Disaccharide examples?

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

What makes sucrose?

Glucose + fructose

What makes maltose?

Glucose + glucose

What makes lactose?

Galactose + glucose

Polysaccharide?

Many sugars

Polysaccharide examples?

Starch, glycogen, fiber

What detects starch?

Lugol’s reagent

What color does lugol’s reagent turn with starch?

Black

What are proteins made of?

Amino acids

How are amino acids joined?

Peptide bonds

What groups does every amino acid have?

Amine, acid, and variable

What differs between amino acids?

Variable group

What detects proteins?

Biuret reagent

What color does Biuret reagent turn with proteins?

Purple