biology vocab viruses and bacteria

Retrovirus

when the genetic material in a virus is RNA

Bacteriophage

virus that attacks bacterial cell

Shingles

an inflammation of nerve endings, chicken pox virus never goes away

polio

infantile paralysis, lungs, muscles of a body, epidemic in the 1950’s, not lysogenic

Edward jenner

1st vaccine against smallpox

Jonas Salk

1st vaccine against polio, initial dose, then 2 booster shots

Sabin Vaccine

1970’s, against polio, given orally

Coccus

spherical

bacillus

rod shaped

Spirilium

spirals

Diplo

pairs

Strepto

chains of three or more

Stapho

grape-like structure

Staphylococcus

one of the worst infections, can lead to amputations due to gangrene

Rickettsia

parasite, smallest bacteria

Legionnaires disease

1976-1980’s, infected water in cooling tower

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, attacks white blood cells, caused by HIV

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus, no cure, avoid rsiky behaviors, test for in blood, attacks T4 white blood cells

Yellow fever

caused by virus, fever, chills, yellowing of skin

Malaria

caused by mosquito vector, plasmodium vector

Quinine

treatment for malaria and yellow fever

Pili

cytoplasmic threads holding bacteria together

Binary Fission

bacteria most commonly reproduce this way

Conjugation

primitive type of sexual reproduction

Aerobic

requires oxygen

Anaerobic

does not require oxygen

Symbiosis

how organisms function together

Mutualism

both benefit, E. coli in human intestine

commensalism

one benefits, the other one is not harmed, shark and remora

parasitism

one benefits at the expense of others, viruses and bacteria that causes disease

Nomeus

fish with portuguese-man-of-war jellyfish

Prions

causes mad cow diesae, small protein structures

Tuberculosis

epidemic in the 1940’s, lung infection, tuberculin skin test, sanitariums

Lyme’s disease

flu-like symptoms, bulls eye rash, deer-tick

tick vector

Lysozyme

enzyme in tears and snot, antibacterial qualities

Bioremediation

using organisms to remove pollutants from water, air, and soil

Cyanobacteria

involved in nitrogen fixation for plants

Pathogen

any disease causing agent

Lytic cycle

normal cell growth, virus attaches to host cell, taakes over genetic material, host cell makes copies of that DNA, cell bursts from being so full of virus

Lysogenic cycle

integrates DNA into host cell, does not kill it until its triggered later.

MMR vaccine

measles, mumps, rubella, given at 15 months

nucleoid

area in prokaryotic cells where DNA is located

E. bola

retrovirus thats contagious and causes heavy blood loss

leprosy

disease that restricts blood flow to extremeties, one cell divsion every 12-14 days

Cold sore

Herpes simplex, lysogenic

Typhoid fever

water, spread through contaminated food or water

endospore

small, rounded, resting cells that form inside bacteria when conditions become unbearable

saprophytes

feeds on decaying/dead matter

STD

obligate anaerobe