Lecture 8 Notes & study guide

What two bones make up the pectoral girdle?

Clavicle and Scapula.

How does the clavicle connect to the axial skeleton?

It articulates anteriorly with the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint.

What is the primary function of the pectoral girdle?

To allow significant mobility of the upper limb.

What is the main bone of the upper arm?

Humerus.

Which bone is located on the lateral side of the forearm?

Radius.

What is the role of the ulna in the forearm?

It articulates with the humerus and assists in forming the elbow joint.

Name the eight carpal bones of the wrist.

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

To provide a strong and stable attachment for the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

What are the three fused bones that make up each hip bone?

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis.

What is a key feature difference in the pelvis between males and females?

The female pelvis is wider for childbirth; the male pelvis has greater muscle attachment.

What is the longest and strongest bone in the body?

Femur.

What is the function of the patella?

To protect the knee joint and improve leverage for the quadriceps.

How many tarsal bones are there in the ankle?

Seven.

What are the names of the five metatarsals?

Metatarsals I-V from the medial side (great toe).

What are the main functions of the arches of the foot?

Support body weight, absorb shock, and provide leverage during locomotion.

What are the two types of body movements?

Functional and Structural.

What characterizes synovial joints?

They have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

What joint type is characterized by being freely movable?

Diarthroses.

What are the two layers of the articular capsule in synovial joints?

Fibrous layer and synovial membrane.

Name the movement that decreases the angle between two bones.

Flexion.

What is opposition in terms of body movements?

Movement of the thumb to touch the tips of other fingers.

Which joint is known as the most freely movable joint in the body?

Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint.

What type of joint is the elbow?

A hinge joint.

What stability feature does the hip joint have?

A deep socket, strong ligaments, and a thick joint capsule.

What is unique about the knee joint structure?

It is a modified hinge joint with menisci and collateral ligaments.

Which joint allows supination and pronation of the forearm?

The proximal radioulnar joint.