Entognatha, Apterygota & Hemimetabolous Orders Flashcards

Flashcards related to Entognatha, Apterygota & Hemimetabolous Orders based on lecture notes

Hexapoda

A subphylum made up of the insects (Class Insecta) and three “odd” groups of animals – springtails (collembolans), diplurans, and proturans.

Entognathous

Ento – inside; gnatha - jaw Group of ametabolous hexapods with entognathous mouthparts and are wingless.

Collembola

Primitive compound eyes, one pair of antennae, live in moist soil, under bark, freshwater ponds; occurs in dense populations, has furcula and collophore. Springtails

Furcula

Jumping fork

Collembola Reproduction

Unique reproduction strategy, indirect sperm transfer, male deposits a spermatophore in front of the female which then immediately picks it up.

Diplura

Narrow, elongate body, usually colorless; lacks eyes; 2 abdominal cerci; indirect sperm transfer; can be herbivorous or predatory. Forked two tails.

Protura

Very small (about 1mm long); lacks antennae; first pair of legs are sensory; eyes absent; live in moist soil; detritivores.

Proto Meaning

First, original

Ura Meaning

Tail

Apterygota

Wingless insects.

Pterygota

Winged insects, or descendants of winged insects.

Apterygota

Wingless insects with ametabolous development and long, paired abdominal cerci and a single median, tail-like caudal filament.

Zygentoma

Silverfish and firebrats.

Archaeognatha

Bristletails

Silverfish (Order Zygentoma)

Found in decaying vegetation and can be household pests; indirect sperm transfer.

Hemimetabolous Orders

Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Dermaptera, Phasmida, Orthoptera

Ephemeroptera Meaning

Existing for a short time, wing

Ephemeroptera

Mayflies; adults do not feed, only disperse, mate, and die; large triangular front wings; 1 median caudal filament and two cerci; adults terrestrial, nymphs aquatic.

Ephemeroptera Nymphs

Nymphs respire through abdominal gills.

Subimago Stage

Final stage before molting to adult (imago).

Ephemeroptera Importance

Important in food webs.

Odonata Meaning

Toothed jaw

Odonata

Dragonflies and damselflies; large, many-veined, membranous wings; chewing mouthparts in adults & nymphs; adult cerci function as claspers while mating (male); adults terrestrial, nymphs aquatic with rectal gill pads.

Dragonflies

Wings broad at base and held horizontally at rest.

Damselflies

Wings narrow at base and held over back at rest.

Dragonfly Nymph

No external gills

Damselfly Nymph

Has external gills

Odonata Nymphs

Excellent predators, mosquito killers

Intra-male sperm translocation

Males deposit sperm into a pouch on their abdomen located near the thorax and the female receives the sperm from the pouch.

Plecoptera

Stoneflies; nymphs are aquatic, prefer clean, cold water; grazers or predators; tracheal gills. To fold, wing

Stoneflies as Bioindicators

Presence is a reliable indicator of excellent water quality.

Dermaptera

Earwigs; chewing mouthparts; short leathery forewings; large cerci on abdomen. Skin, Wing

Urban Legend: Brain boring earwig

Believe earwigs crawl into people's ears and burrow into your brain or merely lay eggs and hatch out a new brood of ear wigglers.

Dermaptera Maternal Care

Females cleans and re-piles the eggs, tending increases survival rate

Phasmida

Walking sticks and leaf insects; chewing mouthparts; experts at crypsis. Phantom or cryptic ghost

Orthoptera

Grasshoppers, Katydids, Crickets; front wings: tegmina; short or long antennae; Saltatorial hind legs common. Straight, Wing.

Ensifera

Elongated, thread-like long antennae (katydids, crickets, etc.)

Caelifera

Short antennae (grasshoppers, locusts, etc.)