Medical Terminology Module 3

Terms, Definitions and Word Parts

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation, occurring in the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue.

Musculoskeletal

system that includes bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

Orthopedics

The branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders and injuries.

Orthopedist

Originally aligned children’s bones and corrected deformities. In today’s time, an Orthopedist treats musculoskeletal disorders in people of all ages.

Bone Marrow

Soft tissue that fills the cavities of the bone.

hemat/o

blood

-poiesis

production

muscul/o

muscle

orth/o

straight

ped/o

child

-ic

pertaining to

crani/o

skull

cost/o

rib

stern/o

breastbone

rachi/o, spin/o

backbone

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

spinal bones

cervic/o

spinal bones

thorac/o

spinal bones

lumb/o

spinal bones

sacr/o

spinal bones

coccyg/o

spinal bones, tail bone

clavicul/o

collarbone

scapul/o

shoulder blade

humer/o

upper arm bone

radi/o

bones of the forearm

uln/o

bones of the forearm

carp/o

wrist bones

metacarp/o

bones of the hand

phalang/o

bones of the fingers

pelv/i

bones of the pelvis

ili/o

pelvic bones

ischi/o

pelvic bones

pub/o

pelvic bones

femor/o

thigh bone

patell/o

kneecap

fibul/o

bones of the lower leg

tibi/o

bones of the lower leg

tars/o

hindfoot bones, especially the ankle

calcane/o

heel bone

metatars/o

bones of the feet

phalang/o

bones of the toes

Oste+oid

resembling bone

calc/i

calcium

calcification

process where organic tissue becomes hardened by deposits of calcium

de+calcification

loss of calcium from bone or teeth

de-

down, from, or reversing

Osteomalacia

consequence of decalcification without replacement of the lost calcium.

myel/o

refers to bone marrow, or spinal cord. (Will have to decide what meaning is intended).

skull

common name for cranium.

rachio+dynia

painful spine

rachi+algia

painful spine

spondylitis

inflammation of a vertebrae

vertebr/o

vertebrae

cervic/o

neck

thorac/o

thorax (chest)

lumb/o

lumbar

sacr/o

sacrum

coccyg/o

coccyx

cerebrospinal

the clear, colorless liquid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal canal.

inter+vertebral

between two adjoining vertebrae.

cervic/o

refers to either neck, or the cervix of the uterus.

cervic+al vertebrae

refers to the neck

thorac/o

mean the thorax (or chest).

thorac+ic vertebrae

part of the posterior (back) wall of the thoracic cavity.

lumb/o

lower back

lumbago

general term for a dull, aching pain in the lower back.

lumb+ar vertebrae

located in the lower back.

thoraco+lumbar

the inferior thoracic vertebrae and the superior lumbar vertebrae as a group.

sacr/o

refers to the scrum (the trianglular bone below the lumbar vertebrae).

sacr+al vertebrae

results from the fusion of 5 sacral bones. (the five are present at birth, but in the adult, they are fused to form one bone).

coccyx

also the result of the natural fusion of vertebrae but this term refers to the result of fusion of 4 coccygeal bones.

coccyg/o

means coccyx, or tail bone and located at the base of the spinal column. Represents 4 fused coccygeal bones.

thorax

upper part of the trunk or cage of bone and cartilage containing the principal organs of respiration & circulation. covers part of the abdominal organs. formed ventrally by sternum and costal cartilages & dorsally formed by thoracic vertebrae & the dorsal parts of the ribs.

stern+al

pertaining to the breast bone.

thoracic cage

boney framework that surrounds the organs and soft tissues of the chest. consists of the sternum, ribs, and the vertebrae.

cost+al

refers to the costae, or ribs.

inter+costal

between the ribs.

sub+costal

below (under) a rib or ribs.

sub+sternal

indicates a location or position below the sternum.

sterno+ costal

pertains to the sternum and the ribs.

vertebro+ costal

pertains to a rib and a vertabra.

costo+vertebral

also means pertaining to a rib and a vertebra.

sterno+clavicular

adjective that pertains to the clavicle and the sternum.

claviclul+ar

adjective the pertains to the clavicle.

scapul+ar

refers to the scapula. (the upper arm bones attach to the scapulae).

sternal puncture

puncture of sternum with a needle.

pelv+ic

pertaining to the pelvis.

ilium, ischium, and the _____ make up the hip bone.

pubis.

radi/o

radiant energy

-graph

instrument for recording

pub/o

pubis

ili/o

ilium

lili+ac

refers to the ilium.

ischi+al

pertaining to the ischium.

pub+ic

pertaining to the pubis.

lilo+pubic

refers to the ilium and the pubis.

ischiopubic

pertaining to the ischium and the pubis.

ischiococcygeal

pertaining to the ischium and the coccyx.

humero+scapular

refers to the humerus and the scapula.

humero+ulnar

refers to both the humerus and the ulna