Substance related abuse ~

SUBSTANCE-RELATED ABUSE

A direct activation to the brain’s reward system causing feelings of pleasure

Alcohol

Caffeine

Cannabis

Hallucinogens

Opioids

Sedative, hypnotics, anxiolytics

Tobacco

Inhalants

SUBSTANCE-RELATED ABUSE

LSD, Phencyclidine, Psilocybin

Hallucinogens

Opioids

Fentanyl, Morphine, Oxycodone

Lorazepam, secobarbital

Sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics

Amphetamines, cocaine

Stimulants

Volatile hydrocarbons, paint, thinner, glue

Inhalants

Esmolol

A beta blocker that is DOC for toxicity which is rapid acting 

Cannabis sativa

have tetrahydrocannabinol

anesthetics

Propofol use

Naltrexone and Naloxone

Opioid antagonist

Pinpoint pupil, Respiratory Depression, and Coma

Opioid triad:

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

inhibiting the degradation of Aldehyde 

MARIJUANA

• Euphoria

• Heightened senses

• Increased BP and HR

• Red eyes and dry mouth

• Decreased coordination and slow reaction time

MARIJUANA

• Exaggerated cravings for certain foods at unusual times.

BARBITURATES, BZD, AND HYPNOTICS 

• Drowsiness and slurred speech

• Lack of coordination

• Changes in mood

• Problems in concentration

• Lack of inhibition

• Slowed breathing

• Dizziness

METH, COCAINE, AND OTHER STIMULANTS

• Excess confidence

• Increased alertness and restlessness

• Behavioral changes, Irritability

• Rambling speech, dilated pupils

• Nasal congestion, mouth sores and tooth decay

• Insomnia

CLUB DRUGS

• Hallucinations, memory problems

• Paranoia, reduced inhibitions, poor judgements

• Dilated pupils

• Chills and sweating

• Reduced consciousness

• Heightened sense

3-4, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) aka Party drug/Club drug can cause death when combined to alcohol

Ecstasy aka

MDMA ( 3-4, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

Ketamine

Flunitrazepam

LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide

• Club drugs:

LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide

Hallucinogen

Club drug

Acid, Tabs, 

LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide) aka

Rohypnol; Rooties

Flunitrazepam aka

Flunitrazepam

• drowziness; muscle relaxation; Date rape drug

Ketamine

• Dissociative anesthetic - dream-like state; detachment

• Anesthetic in horses 

Special K, Kit-kat, K

Ketamine

MDMA ( 3-4, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)

• Stimulant; hallucinogen - euphoria, inc. sociability, heightened senses

Ecstacy, Moly, E, X

MDMA ( 3-4, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine) aka

HALLUCINOGENS (LSD AND PCP)

• Hallucinations

• Impulsive behavior

• Reduced perception of reality

• Rapid shifts of emotion

• Rapid HR and BP

• Tremors and Flashbacks

• Feeling of separation body to surroundings

• Lack of pain sensation

• Problems with speaking, thinking and memory

• Impaired judgement

• Intolerance to loud noise

• Sometimes seizures or coma.

INHALANTS

• Euphoria or intoxication

• Decreased Inhibition

• Combativeness

• Dizziness, nausea and vomiting

• Involuntary eye movements and slurred speech

• Irregular heartbeats

• Tremors

• Rash around nose and mouth

OPIOID PAINKILLERS

• Reduced sense of pain

• Agitation, drowsiness or sedation

• Slurred speech

• Constricted pupils

• Problems with coordination

• Constipation

• Runny nose or nose sores

• Needle marks

Flumazenil

BENZODIAZEPINE OVERDOSE

Flumazenil

• is not indicated in all cases, and it is contraindicated when cyclic antidepressant use is known or suspected because of seizure risk. Use with caution when benzodiazepine physical dependence is suspected, as it may precipitate withdrawal.

Naloxone

OPIATE INTOXIFICATION

Naloxone

may revive unconscious patients with respiratory depression, but it may precipitate physical withdrawal in dependent patients

IV lorazepam or diazepam

• Treat seizures supportively

• can be used for status epilepticus.

Injectable lorazepam

COCAINE INTOXICATION

can be used for agitation

Eating disorder

Persistent eating behavior that negatively impact health, emotion and ability to function in important areas of life

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

• excessively limit calories or use other methods to lose weight.

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Characterized by abnormally low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight and distorted perception of weight or shape

Ghrelin

signal our body to eat when hungry, it increases the appetite

Leptin

suppresses the appetite

• Decreased thyroid hormone release

• Menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea

• Decreased bone density

Eating disorder

COMMON FINDINGS

• Cold intolerance, bradycardia, constipation

• Decreased thyroid hormone release

• Dec GRH, LH, FSH

Menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea

Low estrogen levels, mimics post-menopausal osteoporosis

Decreased bone density