apush unit 2 monroe

Lord Baltimore

founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists; did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony

Act of Toleration

Maryland law that forbade religious persecution

Roger Williams

a dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

Anne Hutchinson

a Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony; actions resulted in her banishment from the colony, and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island; displayed the importance of questioning authority

Rhode Island

Robert Williams founded Providence as Anne Hutchinson founded Portsmouth, as they sought their own ideals in these communities, which both combined to make…

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

William Penn

a Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution

Holy Experiment

William Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all

Charter of Liberties

a charter, signed by Penn, which established a representative assembly in Pennsylvania, and stated that the lower counties (Delaware) of the colony could establish their own representative assembly

joint-stock company

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders

Jamestown

the first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

Virginia

originally a corporate colony, but became a royal colony, meaning it was under the Virginia Company, but then eventually it became under the royal crown's rule

Plymouth Colony

a colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Seperatists, in 1620. The Seperatists were Puritans who abandoned hope that the Anglican Church could be reformed. Plymouth became part of Massachusetts in 1691

Separatists

people who wanted to have a separate, or different church (Pilgrims)

Pilgrims

group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands

Mayflower

the ship that brought the Pilgrims to the New World

Massachusetts Bay Colony

colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by Puritans; had a theocratic republic based on "City upon a hill"

Puritans

a religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England and they came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay

John Winthrop

Puritan governor and founder of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Speaker of "City upon a hill"

Great Migration

in New England, Separatists (Pilgrims) and Puritans migrated during the __ to create religious communities with town meetings and elected legislatures; led by John Winthrop

Connecticut

Boston Puritans founded Hartford and wrote the first written constitution of America (Fundamental Orders of Connecticut) and __ was made

New York

The Duke of York, or King Charles II's brother, was granted the land between Connecticut and Delaware, which he easily took control of from the Dutch and named…

Pennsylvania

also known as the 'Holy Experiment', since its founder, William Penn, was planning to make the colony religiously tolerant and were also strong on equality (Quakers)

Fundamentals Orders of Connecticut

the Puritan government document that has been called the first written constitution in America

Virginia House of Burgesses

the first representative assembly in the new world. Created due to distance between Great Britain and the colonies

Mayflower Compact

a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good

corporate colonies

colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown

royal colonies

colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624

proprietary colonies

colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king such as Georgia (until it became royal)

triangular trade

a three way system of trade during 1600-1800s; Africa sent slaves to America, America sent raw materials to Europe, and Europe sent guns and rum to Africa

mercantilism

an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Navigation Acts

laws that governed trade between England and its colonies; colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England and these acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries

salutary neglect

an English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty

Metacom's War

also called King Philip's war, English colonists used underhanded tactics to control Native American lands

Pueblo Revolt

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt but were more tolerant

Sir William Berkeley

Royal Governor of Virginia who favored large plantation owners and did not support or protect smaller farms from Indian raids. He put down Bacon's rebellion in 1676

Bacon's Rebellion

a rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attemp to gain more land

indentured servants

colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

head right system

the system by which whoever paid for the passage of a laborer acquired 50 acres of land

slavery

the condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages

Middle Passage

a brutal voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

religious toleration

acceptance of people who held different religious beliefs

established church

a church supported by the government

Great Awakening

religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established

Johnathan Edwards

an American theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons stirred the religious revival (Great Awakening); also known for "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Sermon"

George Whitefield

credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights"

hereditary aristocracy

a form of government in which rule is in the hands of an "upper class" or aristocratic family and those with the power to hold wealth, and to define who shall remain in poverty and slavery

John Peter Zenger

journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's; was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press and found not guilty

Enlightenment

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly also known as the 'Age of Reason'

town meeting

an assembly of townspeople that decides local issues in meetings