ARCHITECTURE DESIGN BASICS SEM 1

elements of design

• Point

• Line

• Shape

• Form

• Color

• Size

• Texture

• Value

principles of design

• Balance

• Contrast

• Emphasis

• Movement

• Pattern

• Proportion

• Unity

• Variety

• Harmony

• Radial

• Rhythm

Small Dot

• Delicacy

• Intricacy

Big Dot

• Confidence

• Strength

densely arranged dots

• Intensity

• Overwhelmed

scattered dots

• Dynamic

• Unpredictable

HORIZONTAL LINE

• Stability

• Calm

• Balance

VERTICAL LINE

• Strength

• Authority

• Formality

diagonal lines

• Movement

• Energy

• Dynamism

CURVED LINE

• Grace

• Flow

• Softness

ZIGZAG LINE

• Excitement

• Tension

• Unpredictability

WAVY LINE

• Fluidity

• Relaxation

• Soothing

DOTTED LINE

• Organisation

• Guidance

• Connection

BROKEN LINE

• Movement

• Variation

• Circle:

• Triangle:

• Square/Rectangle:

• Ovals/Ellipse:

• Spiral:

• Irregular/Organic:

Unity, Completeness, Harmony

Strength, Solidity

Stability, Order, Structure

Comfort, Softness

Growth, Transformation

Unpredictability, Complexity

• Sphere:

• Cube:

• Pyramid:

• Cylinder:

• Completeness, Harmony

• Stability, Structure

• Aspiration, Focus

• Continuity, Flow

aspects influence the emotion of color

• Hue

• Value

• Intensity

• Smooth

• Soothing, Comforting

Rough

• Resilience, Strength

Value

• Lightness or darkness of composition

• High key:

• Low key:

• Mostly light values

• Mostly dark values

Balance and its types

• Arrangement for stability and visual comfort

• Types: Symmetrical, Asymmetrical, Radial

Contrast and its types

• Difference to make elements stand out

• Types: Size, Shape, Color, Texture, Direction

EMPHASIS

• Directing attention to a focal point

• Contrasting color,Increased size,Unique shape,Strategic placement

PROPORTION

• Relationship of size & scale of elements

UNITY

• All elements work together cohesively Conveys a single message or theme

HIERARCHY

Arrangement of elements according to its importance

• Methods: Size, Position, Contrast, Light, Shape

Pattern

• Repetition of elements for organization & rhythm

RHYTHM

• Repetition creating movement & flow

• Types: Regular, Alternating, Progressive, Flowing

Gestalt principles.

• Proximity

• Similarity

• Continuity

• Closure

• Figure-Ground

• Common Fate

• Symmetry

PROXIMITY

• Objects close together are seen as a group

• Used for grouping, organizing space, visual order

CONTINUITY/MOVEMENT

• Eye follows a continuous path

• Used for guiding movement, directing attention, creating flow

spatial relationship.

• Space within a space (room inside building)

• Interlocking (living room + dining area)

• Adjacent (bedroom next to study)

• Linked by common space (classrooms via corridor)

spatial organizations

• Centralized

• Linear

• Radial

• Cluster

• Grid

types of architectural graphics

• Plan (top view)

• Elevation (front/side view)

• Section (cut-through)

• Perspective (realistic view)

• Axonometric (3D technical)

steps of the design process

• Observe

• Analyse

• Sketch

• Explore Options

• Refine

• Final Composition

• Similarity:

• Closure:

• Figure-Ground:

• Common Fate:

• Symmetry:

• Similar-looking objects are perceived as related.

• The brain completes incomplete shapes.

• The brain separates the main object from the background.

• Objects moving in the same direction are perceived as a group.

• Symmetrical objects are perceived as a complete unit.

• Circulation:

• Zoning:

• Relationship Diagram:

• Shows how people move through spaces.

• Shows different functional areas such as public, semi-public, and private spaces.

• Shows how different spaces are connected.

types of transformation in design

Dimensional, Subtractive, Additive, Rotational, Repetition, Progressive, Interlocking, and Articulation.

Harmony

The arrangement of elements that work together in a pleasing and visually cohesive way.