Lawrence Kohlberg

What is moral development affected by?

Moral development is influenced by age, societal norms, and individual experiences.

What is the difference between morals and values?

Morals are societal views of right and wrong, while values are individual views of right and wrong.

Kohlberg's Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality focuses on what type of decision-making?

Decision-making based on obedience to rules and self-interest.

What is the mantra of children in Pre-conventional Morality?

Disobey rules if not likely to get caught.

What characterizes Level 2: Conventional Morality?

Decisions based on pleasing others and maintaining relationships, often leading to conformity.

How do individuals reason in Level 3: Post-conventional Morality?

They account for differing values and beliefs and recognize that rules can change based on the greater good.

What is the significance of the Heinz dilemma in Kohlberg's theory?

It is used to explore moral reasoning and ethical decision-making across different levels of morality.

What criticisms are there against Kohlberg's moral development theory?

It overemphasizes justice, ignores emotions like caring and compassion, and shows cultural and gender bias.

What does the term 'Social Contract' signify in Level 3 of Kohlberg's theory?

Recognition that rules are agreements among people that can change based on societal needs.

What is the hypothetical ideal stage in Kohlberg's theory?

Universal Ethical Principle, where individuals follow principles that transcend the law.

At what level of Kohlberg's moral development do individuals rarely consider different perspectives?

Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality.

Who did Kohlberg primarily study to develop his theory?

Interviews with young boys in the 1950s, specifically white boys.

What is a key characteristic of Level 2: Conventional Morality?

Emphasis on conformity and maintaining relationships by trust and loyalty.

What type of moral reasoning is prevalent in high school students according to Kohlberg?

Law & Order morality, focusing on respect for authority and society's rules.