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The Experience of the Personal Response
You are compelled to act without thinking, an automatic response
The Experience of the Other
A person evokes a response from you to act proper
The experience of Obligation
Something in you wants to follow the law
The experience of Contrast
Recoiling from violence and disregard of others
Ethics
The guiding principles that help us towards goodness. Ethics comes from Greek “ta ethika” having to do with good character. E.g. Justice, compassion
Morals
From Latin word “Moralitas” having to do with the customs, habits, and manners shaping human life. E.g. Rules, laws, Ten Commandments etc.
Aristotle Teleological Ethics
Having to do with purpose or design. Happiness is not found in the individual but in what is good for the community or society.
Kant Deontological Ethics
Sense of duty. He believes in theoretical and practical reasoning. Goodness is the aim of life. He believes in God, freedom and immortality.
Levinas Relational Ethics
Searching for the good through the face of others. We are called to react to “the other” especially those in need. The good is infinite and we search for it through others.
Conceptual Framework of Action
Who, what, why. how, with or against whom, circumstance. outcome
Responsibility
A person is the agent of his actions. This presupposes freedom, knowledge and capacity.
Human Freedom
The power to act or not to and the acceptance of responsibility for the consequences.
Naturalism
Our decisions and actions are determined by our (genetics) and we are not responsible for our actions, As Catholics we don’t accept this theory. Naturalism denies the possibility of ethics.
Artificial Intelligence
A principle that proposes that intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to stimulate it.
Mind-Brain Distinction
Catholic tradition does not deny the discoveries of science or the connections between the mind and brain. The human mind is more than the physical functions. The mind has the capacity for freedom, choice, and action. The mind is the heart of human capacity.
Predestination
The belief that God chooses to save some people and condemns the rest. A person can’t change this on there own. As Catholics we don’t accept this view.
Social Determinism
Our actions are determined by others based on culture, race, gender, religion etc. This denies our freedom and as Catholics we don’t believe this to be true.
Rationalism
A philosophical theory that suggests that nothing can be accepted as true unless it can be proven by reason alone.
Life Instinct
Eros, acting and decisions
Death Instinct
Thanatos, let others at for you
Narcissism
A disorder marked by self-absorption to the exclusion of others
Conscience
A voice that calls us to “love and to do what is good and to avoid evil. It is the inner voice that tells us right from wrong. It is our inner sanctuary where we are alone with God whose voice echoes in our depth.
Id
The unconscious instinctual drives
The Superego
Others views of right/wrong superimposed on us .eg. parents, teachers etc. We act out of a sense of guilt of others.
Ego
Our own views of right and wrong and a willingness to accept responsibility for our choices.
Conscience as Capacity
To know and do good and avoid evil.
Conscience as Process
Knowing how to perceive and thing correctly. Seeking truth and making it one’s own conscience.
Conscience of Judgment
Making a moral judgment by following one’s conscience
Rationalization
Reasoning away your wrong choices
Trivialization
It’s no big deal; everyone is doing it
Misinformation
It’s not illegal to steal if the value of the item is under $5
The end justifies the immoral means
Stealing food because you have no money and are hungry
Means to an end
Dropping a bomb to end the war will save many lives
Difficult to reason
Homeless breaks into home to keep warm
The Importance of Others
Other people are central to my search for good
The Importance of Having Direction in Life
What is it you are called to do?
The Importance of Communication and Language
World is shaped by language, your values were communicated as good and desirable by others
The Importance of Character and One’s Body
Habitual actions
The Importance of Conscience
Listening to your inner voice
The Importance of the Development of One’s Conscience
Maturity drives virtues and values
Covenant
God’s bond of love that calls to us in our freedom to respond in love. God’s commitment is forever.
Revelation
God makes himself known to us through Jesus, Scriptures and the Holy Spirit.
Moses
Prophet as an infant, raised by Pharaoh’s daughter, identified with Jews. God revealed himself to Moses
Name of God
YHWH “I am who is, I am who shall be “
Moses Mission
To be an intermediary between God and his people. To save the Jews from slavery and lead them into the Promised Land. Moses received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai.
Decalogue
Ten Commandments
Traits of a Covenant
Preamble
Historical Prologue
The submission
The Witnesses
The blessings and curses
Sin
Referred to as transgression from God. It is a turning away from right actions. It is breaking the moral commandments.
Exegesis
Study of scripture in its original context
Hermeneutics
Interpreting the scripture
Matthew’s Gospel
Written in Antioch (Turkey) Approx 90 CE. It was written for the Jewish people as well as the new Christian followers.
Parousia
The second coming of Christ which is to take place at the end of time.
Eschatological
“pertaining to the end time” or “the fullness of time”
Kingdom of God
It is not a place but a symbol or metaphor for God. God is not in a far off place but is acting among us here and now.
Sermon on the Mount
The platform for life given to the disciples and us. It is the Old Torah revisited in the light of Jesus’ teachings. It is the heart of Christian teachings based on love of God and love of neighbour
Grace
God’s self-gift of love in us and our participation in the relationship of love that is the Trinity.
Ethics of the Sermon
It is not fully revealed, but it guides us to be righteous by “Be perfect as your heavenly Father is perfect.” Its eschatological and Gospel ethics
Early formation of the Church
The disciples reunited and organized the church and translation of Jesus’ words into practices, teachings and moral behaviour.
Role of the Holy Spirit
The promise of the presence of the Holy Spirit to guide the early disciples.
Pentecost
The “birthday” of the Church. When the Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples and gave them courage to preach the gospel “in the streets” regardless of the consequences.
St.Paul
Initially killed early Christians but saw the light of heaven and became a Gentiles to convert Christians.
Trinity
God is an eternal exchange of love. This central mystery of the Christian faith: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
Period of Jewish Christianity: AD 30- 130.
The poor Jews received more goods from the Church than did the poor Gentiles. There was the question about what to do with sinners, allow them to stay or get rid of them.
Period of Greek and European Christianity (AD 50-1964)
The encounter with Islam and the rediscovery of Greek philosophy and civilization, Christianity divided. The European empire. Protestant reformation.
Period of Global Christianity
Christian church to be found in all countries embracing a great variety of cultures. Global church = catholic = universal
Agape
The Greek term for unconditional and sacrificial love; the type of love with which God loves us.
Anthropology
The overall study of man and what it means to be a human person.
Birth Control
Normally refers to the general method of preventing pregnancy through various ways of altering or changing the body’s natural state of fertility into a state of infertility.
Contraception
Every action before, during, or after sexual intercourse that deliberately attempts to impede its procreative potential
Corporal Works of Mercy
These are actions of love that meet the physical needs of others.
Encyclical
A letter written by the pope, normally addressed to the bishops of the world (and sometimes to the wider audience of all the faithful), usually intended to teach or clarify a doctrine of the Faith.
Fornication
Sex outside of marriage
Free
Love that is not controlled or manipulated by another person or by a disordered desire.
Total
Love without strings attached that holds nothing back
Faithful
Love that is committed.
Fruitful
Love that is life-giving.
Humanae Vitae
Pope Paul VI’s 1968 encyclical on human life. It is most famous for its clear and definitive teaching on why contraception is immoral and sinful, explaining that it separates the sexual act from one if its intrinsic purposes: procreation.
Language of the Body
The capability of the body to speak its own language and to communicate without words.
Language of Love
Generally speaking, the words that speak truth and compassion. Specifically regarding the body, the truth and totality of self, communicated through the body in sexual intercourse.
Natural Family Planning (NFP)
The term referring to various effective, natural, and moral methods for achieving or postponing pregnancy.
One-flesh union
: The loving embrace of a married couple through sexual intercourse.
New Evangelization
A term referring to the special need to share the Gospel with new enthusiasm, new methods and new expressions. The new evangelization is not a new Gospel, but it recognizes that as the world changes, the method for sharing the Good News need to change if they are to be effective.
Primordial Sacrament
The sacrament of Marriage as it was in the beginning – the original revelation of God’s love in the world.
Sacraments
God’s loving presence made visible in our lives. For example, in marriage, the two people getting married not only receive the sacrament they become a sacrament, a visible sign of God’s love in the world.
Spousal Analogy
The scriptural imagery using the earthly understanding of marriage to convey the power and fidelity of God’s love for humans and Christ’s love for the Church.
Submission
Surrendering to love in a marriage where you would do anything for them
Note
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