as inorganic chem

atomic radius in periods

decreases along the period because nuclear pull increases as the number of protons increases but shielding effect remains the same. this results in higher force of attraction between the nucleus and the valence shell so the size of the atom decreases

ionic radius of cations in a period

the metal loses electron so the number of electrons decreases but shielding effect remains the same so ionic radius decreases

ionic radius of anions in a period

non metals gain electron but shielding effect remains the same so ionic radius increases

Na + O2

Na2O

bright yellow flame, vigorous reaction, white solid

Mg + O2

MgO

bright white flames, vigorous reaction, white solid formed

Al + O2

Al2O3

bright white flame, vigorous reaction , white solid formed

Si + O2

SiO2

slow reaction , white solid formed

P + O2

P4O10

yellow flame, vigorous reaction, clouds of P4O10 seen

S + O2

SO2

gentle burning, blue flames

Na2O + H2O

NaOH

pH 13/14

MgO + H2O

MgOH

pH 10

Al2O3 + H2SO4

Al2(SO4)3 + H2O

Al2O3 + NaOH ( hot conc ) + H2O

NaAl(OH)4

SiO2 + H2O

insoluble

SiO2 + NaOH ( hot conc )

NaSiO3 + H2O

P4O10 + H2O

H3PO4

pH 2

SO2 + H2O

H2SO3

pH 1

SO3 + H2O

H2SO4

pH 1

Na + Cl2

NaCl

greenish yellow gas disappears, vigorous reaction, white solid formed

Mg + Cl2

MgCl

greenish yellow gas disappears, white solid formed, vigorous reaction

Al + Cl2

Al2Cl6

greenish yellow gas disappears, white solid formed, vigorous reaction

Si + Cl2

SiCl4

greenish yellow gas disappears, Si disappears, slow reaction

P + Cl2

PCl5

greenish yellow gas disappears, slow reaction

NaCl + H2O

NaCl

solid disappears, pH 7

MgCl + H2O

MgOH

solid disappears, pH 6.5

SiCl4 + H20

SiO2 + HCl

white fumes seen, pH 2

PCl5 + H2O

H3PO4 + HCl

white fumes seen, pH 2

Na + H2O

NaOH + H2

fizzing, Na disappears, vigorous reaction

Mg + H2O

Mg(OH)2 + H2

slow reaction + fizzing

reactivity of group 2 elements

increases down the group. atomic size and shielding effect both increase so less attraction between nucleus and valence shell.

Ca + O2

CaO

brick red flame, white solid

Sr + O2

SrO

bright red flame, white solid

Ba + O2

BaO

purple green flame, white solid

CaO + H2O

Ca(OH)2

CaO crumbles, pH 12

SrO + H2O

Sr(OH)2

clear colorless solution, pH 13

BaO + H2O

Ba(OH)2

clear colorless solution, pH 13

MgCO3 + H2SO4

MgSO4 + CO2 + H2O

fizzing, MgCO3 disappears

CaCO3 + H2SO4

CaSO4 + CO2 + H20

incomplete reaction

CaCO3 + HNO3

Ca(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O

fizzing, CaCO3 disappears

BaCO3 + HCl

BaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

fizzing, BaCO3 disappears

thermal decomposition of Mg(NO3)2

MgO + NO2 + O2

brown fumes seen, loss of mass

thermal decomposition of Ca(NO3)2

CaO + NO2 + O2

brown fumes seen, loss of mass

thermal decomposition of Sr(NO3)2

SrO + NO2 + O2

brown fumes seen, loss of mass

thermal decomposition of Ba(NO3)2

BaO + NO2 + O2

brown fumes seen, loss of mass

IMF in halogens

increases down the group because electron number increases

melting / boiling points of halogens

increases down the group bc of IMF

strength as oxidizing agents of halogens

decreases down the group

reactivity of halogens

decreases down the group.

F2 + H2

HF

explosive reaction without light

Cl2 + H2

HCl

explosive reaction with light, white fumes

Br2 + H2

HBr

slow reaction with light

I2 + H2

HI

it breaks after formation

thermal stability of hydrogen halides

decreases down the group

volatility of halogens

decreases down the group because of IMF

strength of halides as reducing agents

increases down the group

NaCl + H2SO4

NaHSO4 + HCl

white fumes

2NaCl + H2SO4

Na2SO4 + HCl

HBr + H2SO4

Br2 + SO2 + H2O

brown gas seen

2HI + H2SO4

I2 + SO2 + H2O

purple vapors

6HI + H2SO4

I2 + S + H2O

purple vapors, yellow solid

8HI + H2SO4

I2 + H2S + H2O

purple vapors

Cl2 (aq) + cold NaOH

NaCl + NaClO + H2O

Cl2 (aq) + hot NaOH

NaCl + NaClO3 + H2O

Cl2 + H2O

HCl + HClO