Infection and Response

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A type of pathogen that reproduce and release toxins

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1

A type of pathogen that reproduce and release toxins

Bacteria

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2

A type of pathogen that invade our cells, reproduce and cause the cell to burst

Virus

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3

Type of pathogen that grow and penetrate our skin, causing disease

Fungi

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4

A type of pathogen which is a single cell eukaryote (No nucleus)

Protsist

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5

Pathogens can be spread by drinking contaminated _____ (e.g infected with cholera)

Water

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6

Pathogens can be spread through ______ _______ - transfer of pathogens by touching contaminated objects

Direct contact

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7

Pathogens can be spread through the ___ - pathogens transferred in droplets from sneezing or coughing, such as the influenza virus

Air

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8

We can reduce the spread of disease by increasing _______ - washing hands before cooking and after sneezing

Hygiene

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9

We can reduce the spread of disease by _______ _______ - insects carry diseases called vectors so by killing them or destroying their habitats can prevent the spread of disease

Killing vectors

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10

_________ infected people prevents them passing the disease to anyone else

Isolating

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11

__________ means that the person or animal cannot become infected and pass it on

Vaccination

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12

____ is a physical barrier. It secretes antimicrobial substances to kill pathogens

Skin

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13

Hair and _____ in the nose passages trap pathogens

Mucus

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14

_____ in the trachea and bronchi move mucus up to the throat

Cilia

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15

Stomach ____ (Hydrochloric Acid) kills pathogens

Acid

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16

Phagocytosis is when white blood cells ______ pathogens and digest them

Engulf

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17

White blood cells release __________ to destroy toxins released by pathogens

Antitoxins

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18

White blood cells produce _______ antibodies that bind to antigens on a pathogen

Specific

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19

____________ reduce symptoms of a disease

Painkillers

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20

__________ kill the bacteria

Antibiotics

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21

Antibiotics do not _____ viruses as they reproduce inside body cells

Kill

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22

__________, such as penicillin, are medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body

Antibiotics

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23

Specific bacteria should be treated by ________ antibiotics

Specific

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24

The antibiotic will kill the non-resistant strain of bacteria but not the mutated resistant strain. The resistant bacteria will _________, increasing their population

Reproduce

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25

How can we prevent the development of antibiotic resistance?

  • doctors shouldn’t over-prescribe antibiotics

  • We should finish the whole course

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26

____ is an example of an antibiotic resistant bacteria

MRSA

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27

The heard drug _________ originates from foxgloves

Digitalis

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28

The painkiller ______ originates from willow

Aspirin

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29

__________ was discovered by Alexander Fleming from the Penicillium Mould

Penicillin

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30

Very ___ doses of the drug are given at the start of the clinical trial

Low

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31

If the drug is found to be safe, further clinical trials are carried out to find the ______ dose for the drug

Optimum

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32

In a double blind trial, both the doctor and the patient don’t know what they are being given; either the drug or a _______

Placebo

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33

The results of testing and trials are published only after scrutiny by ____ review

Peer

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34

Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single _____ of cells

Clone

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35

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by stimulating mouse ___________ to make a particular antibody

Lymphocytes

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36

In monoclonal antibodies, tumour cells and lymphocytes are combined to make a cell called a ________ cell

Hibridoma

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37

monoclonal antibodies create more ____ _______ than expected. They are not yet as widely used as everyone hoped when they were first developed

Side effects

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38

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