Roman Republic Formation & Punic Wars: Key Events and Impact
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21 Terms
What significant event occurred in 509 BCE in Rome?
The Revolution of 509 BCE marked the end of the monarchical period and the birth of the Roman Republic.
Who was the last king of Rome before the establishment of the Republic?
Tarquin the Proud
Who led the reform of the government after the deposition of Tarquin the Proud?
Lucius Junius Brutus
What type of government was established after the Revolution of 509 BCE?
An oligarchy with power concentrated in the hands of elite citizens.
What was the central governing body in the Roman Republic?
The Senate
What were the two main classes in the Roman Republic?
Optimates and Populares
What was the primary cause of internal instability in the Roman Republic?
Ambitious leaders and elite families vying for control.
What major conflict defined Rome's expansion across the Mediterranean?
The Punic Wars
When did the First Punic War take place?
264 to 241 BCE
What was the primary struggle in the First Punic War?
Maritime control between Rome and Carthage.
Who was the notable Carthaginian general during the First Punic War?
Hamilcar
What was the outcome of the First Punic War?
Carthage lost Sardinia and Corsica and ended its maritime dominance.
What event marked the beginning of the Second Punic War?
Hannibal Barca's invasion of Italy.
What was the decisive battle of the Second Punic War?
The Battle of Zama
Who defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama?
Scipio Africanus
What was the outcome of the Second Punic War?
Carthage was stripped of its power, securing Rome's dominance in the Western Mediterranean.
What motivated the Third Punic War?
Roman fear and the advocacy of Senator Cato the Elder for Carthage's destruction.
What happened to Carthage in 146 BCE?
Carthage was besieged, sacked, and burned by Scipio Aemilianus.
What significant cultural impact did the conquest of Greece have on Rome?
Romans began to emulate Greek philosophy, fashion, and sensibilities, leading to a Greco-Roman synthesis.
When did Greece become a Protectorate of Rome?
By 146 BCE, after the Roman victory over Macedon.
What battle in 31 BCE led to the final annexation of Greece into the Roman Empire?
The Battle of Actium