Week 11: Antibiotics - Exam 2

penicillin G, V, V-K class

narrow spectrum PCN antibiotic

penicillin G, V, V-K nursing interventions

watch albumin (protein bound), short T1/2, can cause superinfections

amoxicillin, ampicillin class

broad spectrum PCN antibiotic

dicloxacillin class

penicillinase resistant PCN antibiotic, used for resistant Staph A

piperacillin class

extended spectrum penicillinase resistant, used for unusual bacteria such as Pseudomonas

piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn) nursing interventions

watch for kidney dmg, hold at GFR 30

PCN interactions

OCPs (inactivates them), warfarin (block vit k → inc INR → excessive bleeding)

tazobactam, clavulanic acid class

beta-lactamase inhibitor

amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin) indications

diarrhea, nausea

meropenem class

carbapenem antibiotic, wide spectrum

meropenem nursing interventions

preg Cat C, renal dosing, can cause seizures

cefazolin, cephalexin class

first gen cephalosporin

cefazolin, cephalexin dynamics

gram pos + neg, destroyed by beta lactamase

cefalor, cefuroxime (ceftin) class

second gen cephalosporin

omnicef, cefixime, ceftriaxone dynamics

beta lactamase resistant, anti gram negative

cefepime dynamic

gram pos + neg

ceftaroline dynamic

anti-MRSA

cefuroxime (ceftin) interventions

target lab GFR (nephrotoxic), cross allergy w/PCN, alcohol → disulfiram like reaction, superinfection

vancomycin class

well. vancomycin

vancomycin dynamics/kinetics

gram pos, MRSA, C. diff, well absorbed in deep tissue in CNS

vancomycin SE

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, Red Man syndrome → chest rash

gentamicin class

aminoglycoside antibiotic

gentamicin interactions

NSAIDS, anesthetics (increase action)

gentamicin adverse effects

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, headache, paresthesia, rash, vertigo, superinfection

clindamycin class

lincosamide antibiotic

clindamycin dynamics

gram+ cocci, gram- anaerobes. used in combo with other drugs, PCN substitute, PO + topical

clindamycin nursing interventions

highly protein found (albumin), causes c. diff and blood dyscrasias

erythromycin (e-mycin) class

macrolide antibiotic

erythromycin interactions

prolongs effects of many drugs

erythromycin SE

GI disturbances, hepatotoxicity

azithromycin class

macrolide antibiotic

azithromycin nursing interventions

long T1/2, has loading dose

doxy, minocycline class

tetracycline antibiotic

doxy, minocycline kinetics

absorbed in GI, don’t take with milk, Mg, Al, Ca, Fe

doxy, minocycline nursing interventions

no pregnancy, renal failure in kids, dental effects, photosensitivity, GI disturbances

ciprofloxacin class

fluoroquinolone antibiotic

ciprofloxacin dynamic

interfere w/ DNA gyrase, mostly gram neg in resp, GU, Gi

ciprofloxacin interactions

antacids, warfarin, sulfonylureas

fluoroquinolone SE

CNS activation → GI, headache, fatigue, tinnitus, photosensitivity, rash, sleep disturbance, dysrhythmia, BLACK BOX spontaneous tendon rupture

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim class

sulfonamide antibiotic

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim dynamic

inhibit folic acid synthesis, treat UTIs

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim nursing interventions

can’t give if G6PD deficiency (deficiency causes anemia), drink lots of water (can crystalize), causes SJS, skin rash, itching

sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim cross allergies

furosemide, celebrex, glyburide

polymyxin B class

polypeptide antibiotic

polymyxin B dynamics

increase bacterial cell membrane permeability

isoniazid class

anti-TB antibiotic

isoniazide nursing interventions

watch liver, adherence, must be given with B6 to avoid neuropathy, limit alcohol