Sampling Methods Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, concepts, and techniques for probability and non-probability sampling methods from the lecture notes.

Sampling

The procedure by which some members of the population are selected as representatives of the entire population.

Sampling Frame

A list of all sampling units in the population.

Sampling Scheme

The methods used to select sampling units from the sampling frame.

Probability Sampling

A sampling approach where subjects of the population get equal opportunity to be selected as a representative sample, resulting in unbiased results with less sampling error.

Non-Probability Sampling

A sampling approach where subjects of the population do not get equal opportunity to be selected as a representative sample, leading to bias and higher sampling error.

Convenient Sampling

A non-probability sampling method (also called accidental sample) based on taking what you can get, providing a quick, cheap, and easy way to gather data.

Subjective / Judgmental Sampling

A non-probability sampling method where samples are selected based on researcher knowledge rather than specific criteria.

Purposive Sampling

A non-probability sampling method that focuses on selecting participants that specifically meet the purpose of the study criteria.

Quota Sampling

A non-probability sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups (quotas) and a specific number of individuals are selected to ensure specific characteristics are represented proportionally.

Snowball Sampling

A non-probability sampling method used to identify hidden or hard-to-reach populations in the absence of a sampling frame by having initial participants recruit others who share the same criteria.

Simple Random Sampling

A probability sampling method where every sampling unit from the target population has an equal chance of selection, with all units numbered randomly.

Systematic Sampling

A probability sampling method where a random starting point is chosen, and a unit is drawn every $k\text{th}$ unit from the list.

Stratified Sampling

A probability sampling method where the population is classified into homogeneous subgroups (strata) based on certain characteristics, and samples are drawn from each stratum.

Cluster Sampling

A probability sampling method that involves dividing the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly selecting entire clusters to study, including all individuals within those clusters.

Multistage Sampling

A probability sampling method that involves selecting samples in multiple stages, often using different types of sampling methods at each stage.