chapter 11 pathos

arrhythmias

abnormal heart rhythms (dysrhythmias)

bradycardia and heat block

failure of proper conduction of impulse from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle.

flutter

rapid but regular contractions, usually of the artia

fibrillation

Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute).

Atrial fibrillation (AF)

congenital heart disease

abnormalities in the heart at birth

. patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Passageway (ductus arteriosus) between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open (patent) after birth.

. septal defect

Small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects).

tetralogy of Fallot (fah-LO)

Congenital malformation involving four (tetra-) distinct heart defects.

-pulmonary

-ventricular

-shift of the aorta to the right

-hypertrophy of the right ventricle

congestive heart failure (CHF)

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.

There are two types of congestive heart failure. These are heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Ejection fraction

coronary artery disease

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

hypertensive heart disease

high blood pressure affecting the heart

mitral valve prolapse

improper closure of the mitral valve

murmur

extra heart sound , heard between normal beats

pericarditis 

inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart

rheumatic heart disease

heart disease caused by rheumatic fever