T-Tests and ANOVA Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing lecture notes on t-tests and ANOVA.

Two Sample T-test

A statistical test used to compare the means of two independent samples.

Student's t-test

A type of t-test that applies a penalty when standard deviation varies.

One-Sample t-Test

A statistical test used to compare the mean of a single sample to a known value or hypothesized population mean.

Paired Sample t-Test

A statistical test used to compare the means of two related samples (e.g., measurements taken on the same subject at two different times).

F-tests / Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

A statistical test used to make inferences about two or more sample means. It controls for the increased chance of Type 1 error when running multiple t-tests.

Type 1 Error

The error of rejecting a true null hypothesis (false positive).

ANOVA Assumptions

Observations within each sample were independent, samples are normally distributed, and samples have equal variances.

Linear Model in ANOVA

A statistical model where y ~ x, y ~ intercept. Under H0, MLE is y. Under HA each group is distinct

F statistic in ANOVA

A ratio of variance (differences) between sample means to variance (differences) expected by chance (error).