anatomy

what composes the roof of the oral cavity

the hard and soft palate

what composes the floor of the oral cavity

soft tissue including the tongue

what composes the lateral wall of the oral cavity

cheeks

what composes the posterior wall of the oral cavity

oropharynx

where is the oral cavity found

inside the teeth

where is the oral vestibule found

between the teeth and lips

what is the oral fissure

the opening to the oral cavity which is created by the lips

what is the internal and external linings of the lips

internal is the mucosal lining

external is the skin

what muscle is the main component of the lips

obscularis oris

what does the obscularis oris composed of

it acts as a sphincter for the oral fissure

what is the main muscle found in the cheeks

buccinator

what muscle is responsible for the shape and size of the oral fissure

buccinator muscle

what is the structure called causing the attachment of the cheeks to the gum

frenulum

what are the cheeks composed of

muscle and fascia

what are the cheeks lined with superficially

skin

what are the cheeks lined with deeply

mucosa

what is the structure called which attached the gingiva to the lips at the midline

labial frenulum

what is the role of the labial frenulum

it attaches the gingiva to the lips at the midline

what is the buccal frenulum

will attach the cheeks to the gum laterally

what is the opening called which is found within the cheek laterally

papilla of parotid duct

what are the two muscles which make up the floor of the mouth

mylohyoid and geniohyoid

what is the largest muscle of the mouth floor

myohyoid

where does the myohyoid connect

from the hyoid bone to the chin

what shape does the mylohyoid take

two muscles which converge together and will form the mylohyoid raphe

where is the geniohyoid situated

superior to the mylohyoid

what is the attachments of the geniohyoid

the hyoid to the the mental spine of the mandible

what are the divisions of the tongue

anterior 2/3 and the posterior 1/3 (pharyngeal)

what structure of the tongue does not contain any tastebuds

the filiform

what does the fungiform papillae look like

mushroom shape

what does the filiform papillae look like

long thread like structures

what does the valleys papillae look like

largest structure and has a valley in the centre

what makes the division between the anterior and posterior aspects of the tongue

terminal sulcus

what can be found surrounding the inferior labial frenulum of the tongue

the lingual veins

what are the two muscles which are found in the tongue

intrinsic and extrinsic

what feature distinguishes the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

intrinsic muscles - start inside and finish inside of the tongue

extrinsic muscles - started outside and finish inside of the tongue

what are the 4 types of intrinsic tongue muscle

superior and inferior longitudinal

transverse

vertical

what are the four types of extrinsic tongue muscles

palatoglossus

styloglossus

hyloglossus

genioglossus

from superior to inferior, what order do the extrinsic tongue muscles go in

palatoglossus

styloglossus

hyloglossus

genioglossus

where is the genioglossus found in relation to the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles

superior

where does the genioglossus originate from and attach to

superior spine of mandible to the hyoid bone

what is the genioglossus muscles responsible for

protruding the tongue

what is the origin and attachment of the hyoglossus muscle

greater horn of hyoid to tongue

what is the role of the hyoglossus

depressing the sides of the tongue - narrowing

where does the lingual artery enter the tongue

between the genioglossus and hyoglossus muscles

where does the hyoglossus and lingual nerve enter the tongue

external surface of the hyoglossus

where does the styloglossus originate and insert

styloid process of the skull to the tongue

what is the role of the styloglossus

to retract and elevate the tongue

what is the origin of the palatoglossus

the palatine aponeurosis

what is the role of the palatoglossus

to elevate the tongue

what groups does the palatoglossus muscle belong to

the soft palate and tongue

what is the nerves responsible for the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

mandibular nerve which is a branch of the trigeminal nerve

what is the nerves responsible for the general sensation of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

glossopharyngeal nerve

what nerve is responsible for taste of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

glossopharyngeal

what nerve is responsible for the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

facial nerve which is a branch of the chorda tympani

what is the motor innervation of the tongue muscles

hyoglossus

what tongue muscle is not innervated by hyoglossus

palatoglossus and is instead the vagus nerve

what is the blood supply of the tongue

lingual nerve which is a branch of the external common carotid

what is the venous drainage of the tongue

the deep and dorsal lingual which drain into the internal jugular vein

what does the oesophagus connect

the pharynx to the stomach

what are the narrow landmarks of the oesophagus

cricopharyngeus (15cm)

aortic arch (23cm)

left main bronchus (25cm)

oesophageal hiatus (40cm)

what is the blood supply of the oesophagus

direct from the aorta

what is the venous drainage of the oesophagus

azygous system

what is the innervation of the oesophagus

vagus nerve