Mammalogy Carnivores

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33 Terms

1
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Carnivore characteristics

  • often have sagittal crest and large temporal fossa

  • large auditory bullae

  • forward facing orbits

  • well developed canines

  • large braincase

  • large coronoid process of mandible

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Carnassial

last upper premolar and first lower molar

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Hypercarnivore

  • consumes >70% meat

  • felines

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Mesocarnivore

  • cosumes 50-70% meat

  • canines

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Hypocarnivore

  • consumes less than 30% meat

  • bears

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Felidae

  • incisors: 3/3

  • secodont

  • medium skull

  • large carnassial pair

  • last upper molar long, thin, oval

  • last molar smaller than carnassial pair

  • hypercarnivores

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canidae

  • elongated rostrum

  • incisors: 3/3

  • secodont

  • small-medium skull

  • oval last upper molar

  • large carnassial pair

  • last molar smaller than carnassial pair

  • mesocarnivores

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Ursidae

  • incisors: 3/3

  • bunodont

  • large skull

  • square last upper molar

  • last molar slightly smaller than carnassial pair

  • hypocarnivore

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Mephitidae

  • skunks

  • elongated rostrum

  • incisors: 3/3

  • secodont

  • small skull

  • dumbell last upper molar

  • flat broad body

  • flat auditory bullae

  • last molar smaller than carnassial pair

  • hypocarnivore

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Mustelidae

  • otters, fishers, martens, weasels, minks

  • incisors: 3/3

  • secodont

  • small-medium skull

  • square last upper molar

  • large carnassial pair

  • flat skulls

  • last molar smaller than carnassial pair

  • hypercarnivores

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Procyonidae

  • raccoons

  • elongated rostrum

  • incisors: 3/3

  • secodont

  • medium skull

  • round last upper molar

  • last molar similar size to carnassial pair

  • hypocarnivores

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Phocidae

  • seals

  • incisors: 3/3

  • secodont

  • medium-large skull

  • round last upper molar

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Cervidae

  • deers

  • elongated rostrum

  • bunodont to selenodont

  • large skull

  • large, wide last upper molar

  • large diastema

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Certartiodactyla characteristics

  • upper incisors and canines lost

  • cheek teeth range from bunodont to selenodont

  • many have horns or antlers

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Lynx canadensis

  • Canada lynx

  • large

  • big feet

  • black tipped ears

  • all black tail tip

<ul><li><p>Canada lynx</p></li><li><p>large</p></li><li><p>big feet</p></li><li><p>black tipped ears</p></li><li><p>all black tail tip</p></li></ul><p></p>
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lynx rufus

  • bobcat

  • smaller

  • tan

  • white under black tail tip

<ul><li><p>bobcat</p></li><li><p>smaller</p></li><li><p>tan</p></li><li><p>white under black tail tip</p></li></ul><p></p>
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canis latrans

  • coyote

  • large

  • tan

<ul><li><p>coyote</p></li><li><p>large</p></li><li><p>tan</p></li></ul><p></p>
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urocyon cinereoargenteus

  • gray fox

  • grey with some red

  • skull has a shorter rostrum

  • 2 ridges on skull meet at back in U shape

  • skull has more space between canines and premolars

<ul><li><p>gray fox</p></li><li><p>grey with some red</p></li><li><p>skull has a shorter rostrum</p></li><li><p>2 ridges on skull meet at back in U shape</p></li><li><p>skull has more space between canines and premolars</p></li></ul><p></p>
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vulpes vulpes

  • red fox

  • small

  • redish orange fur

  • bigger teeth than gray fox

  • 2 ridges on skull meet at back in V shape

<ul><li><p>red fox</p></li><li><p>small</p></li><li><p>redish orange fur</p></li><li><p>bigger teeth than gray fox</p></li><li><p>2 ridges on skull meet at back in V shape</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Ursus americanus

  • american black bear

  • large

  • black coat

  • large skull

<ul><li><p>american black bear</p></li><li><p>large</p></li><li><p>black coat</p></li><li><p>large skull</p></li></ul><p></p>
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mephitis mephitis

  • striped skunk

  • black coat with white stripe

<ul><li><p>striped skunk</p></li><li><p>black coat with white stripe</p></li></ul><p></p>
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lontra canadensis

  • north american river otter

  • dense, brown coat

  • aquatic

  • webbed toes

<ul><li><p>north american river otter</p></li><li><p>dense, brown coat</p></li><li><p>aquatic </p></li><li><p>webbed toes</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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martes pennanti

  • fisher

  • back of skull is more trapezoidal

  • more pronounced sagittal crest

  • brown coat

<ul><li><p>fisher</p></li><li><p>back of skull is more trapezoidal</p></li><li><p>more pronounced sagittal crest</p></li><li><p>brown coat</p></li></ul><p></p>
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martes americana

  • american marten

  • top ridges of skull meet at back

  • back of skull is rounder

  • brown coat

  • lighter face

  • yellow throat patch

<ul><li><p>american marten</p></li><li><p>top ridges of skull meet at back</p></li><li><p>back of skull is rounder</p></li><li><p>brown coat</p></li><li><p>lighter face</p></li><li><p>yellow throat patch</p></li></ul><p></p>
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mustela frenata

  • long tailed weasel

  • turn white in winter

  • brown with light underside

<ul><li><p>long tailed weasel</p></li><li><p>turn white in winter</p></li><li><p>brown with light underside</p></li></ul><p></p>
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mustela erminea

  • short tailed weasel

  • brown with white underside

  • white in winter

<ul><li><p>short tailed weasel</p></li><li><p>brown with white underside</p></li><li><p>white in winter</p></li></ul><p></p>
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neovison vison

  • american mink

  • aquatic

  • top ridges of skull meet at front

  • dark brown coat

<ul><li><p>american mink</p></li><li><p>aquatic</p></li><li><p>top ridges of skull meet at front</p></li><li><p>dark brown coat</p></li></ul><p></p>
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procyon lotor

  • north american raccoon

  • grey

  • black mask

  • rings on tails

<ul><li><p>north american raccoon</p></li><li><p>grey</p></li><li><p>black mask</p></li><li><p>rings on tails</p></li></ul><p></p>
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phoca vitulina

  • harbor seal

  • large skull

  • big auditory bullae

  • pinniped

<ul><li><p>harbor seal</p></li><li><p>large skull</p></li><li><p>big auditory bullae</p></li><li><p>pinniped</p></li></ul><p></p>
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odocoileus virginianus

  • white tailed deer

  • brown with white underside

  • males have antlers

<ul><li><p>white tailed deer</p></li><li><p>brown with white underside</p></li><li><p>males have antlers</p></li></ul><p></p>
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alces alces

  • moose

  • dark brown coat

  • males have broad antlers

  • large

<ul><li><p>moose</p></li><li><p>dark brown coat</p></li><li><p>males have broad antlers</p></li><li><p>large</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Cetacea

whales, dolphins, porpoises

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Eubalaena glacialis

  • north atlantic right whale

  • family: Balaenidae

<ul><li><p>north atlantic right whale</p></li><li><p>family: Balaenidae</p></li></ul><p></p>