Acids, Alkalis, and Neutralisation

Flashcards covering key terms, pH scale values, neutralisation examples, and salt naming rules from the lecture notes.

Corrosive

A term describing substances, such as acids, that attack the skin and can harm other materials.

Chemical indicators

Substances that tell whether a liquid is an acid or an alkali by turning different colours with them, such as Universal indicator or pH paper.

pH scale

A numbered scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.

Acidic pH range

A pH value on the scale from $1$ to $6.9$, with examples including lemon juice and vinegar.

Neutral pH

A pH value of $7$, with examples including water and salt solution.

Alkaline pH range

A pH value on the scale from $7.1$ to $14$, with examples including ammonia and bicarbonate of soda solution.

Acid indigestion

Pain caused by having too much stomach acid, which can be reduced by neutralising the excess acid with an alkaline substance.

Neutralisation

The reaction where an acid and an alkali combine to form a neutral solution with a pH of $7$.

Wasp sting neutralisation

The process of neutralising an alkaline wasp sting by applying vinegar.

Bee sting neutralisation

The process of neutralising an acidic bee sting by applying bicarbonate of soda.

Powdered lime

An alkaline substance added to acidic soil to produce a soil pH that allows crops to grow better.

Salt and water

The two products formed when an acid is neutralised by an alkali.

Sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid

A neutralisation reaction that produces Sodium chloride + water.

Calcium oxide + nitric acid

A neutralisation reaction that produces calcium nitrate + water.

Potassium oxide + sulphuric acid

A neutralisation reaction that produces potassium sulphate + water.