1.3 Contemporary Psychology

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30 Terms

1
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What does biopsychology study?

How biology (especially the nervous system) influences behavior.

2
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What field contribute to biopsychology?

psychology, physiology, biology, medicine, chemistry → often called neuroscience.

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What does evolutionary psychology study?

The ultimate biological causes of behavior through the lens of natural selection and adaptation.

4
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Who influenced evolutionary psychology’s origins?

Charles Darwin

5
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Give an example of evolutionary psychology research.

Buss (1989) → across 37 cultures, women valued earning potential more; men valued youth and attractiveness more.

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What does sensation and perception research focus on?

The physiological and psychological experience of sensory information.

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What factors influence perception?

Attention, past experiences, and cultural background.

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What does cognitive psychology study?

Cognitions (thoughts) and their relationship to experiences and actions.

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Why is cognitive psychology interdisciplinary?

It overlaps with fields like linguistics, neuroscience, and computer science (cognitive science).

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What are the key topics in cognitive psychology?

Attention, problem-solving, language, memory.

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What does developmental psychology study?

Physical, cognitive, social and moral changes across the lifespan.

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Who is a key figure in developmental psychology?

Jean Piaget → theory of cognitive development; discovered infants lack object permanence (understanding that objects and people continue to exist even when they are no longer visible or perceived by the senses).

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What demographic trend is increasing research into late-life development?

Aging populations → by 2050, ~90 million Americans will be 65+

14
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What does personality psychology focus on?

Patterns of thought and behavior that make individuals unique.

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What early theorist tied personality to psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud.

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What is the modern approach to personality

Measuring personality traits.

17
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What is the Big Five (Five Factor Model)?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

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What does social psychology study?

How individuals interact with and relate to others.

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What famous study did Stanley Milgram conduct?

Obedience study → 2/3 of participants delivered (fake) lethal shocks when instructed by authority. This investigated the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience.

20
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Why was Milgram’s study important for research ethics?

It highlighted the need for ethical guidelines, informed consent, and limits on deception.

21
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What model does health psychology use?

Biopsychosocial model (interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors).

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What do health psychologists focus on?

Improving health via policy, education, intervention, and research.

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What does sport and exercise psychology study?

Motivation, performance anxiety, and the psychological effects of sport/exercise on wellbeing.

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What other domains does sports and exercise psychology apply to?

firefighting, military, surgery, artistic performance.

25
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What does clinical psychology focus on?

Diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and problematic behavior.

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What therapy approach is influenced by the cognitive revolution?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

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How is counseling psychology different from clinical psychology?

Counseling focuses on healthy individuals’ emotional, social, vocational, and health outcomes.

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What does forensic psychology involve?

Applying psychology in the justice system (e.g., competency, custody cases, sentencing, eyewitness testimony).

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What roles might forensic psychologists play?

Expert witnesses, jury consultants, witness preparation, treatment in criminal justice.)

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Are most forensic psychologists criminal profilers

No, profilers are only a small subset.