Social Relations/Aggression/Attraction/Odds&Ends/Others

in-group bias

the tendency to favor one’s own group (whether it’d be race, culture, etc.)

out-group bias

the tendency to dislike those outside of one’s own group, often leading to prejudice and discrimination

scapegoating

to blame someone for something someone else has done

just-world hypothesis

cognitive bias where people believe the world is inherently fair and that people get what they deserve

other-race effect

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

frustration-aggression hypothesis

frustration often leads to aggressive behavior

mere exposure effect

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases the chances of liking them

cognitive dissonance

when an individual holds two or more contradictory beliefs, values, or behaviors simultaneously, creating a sense of mental discomfort

internal attribution

the process of assuming that personal factors (personality) are the cause of an individual’s behavior or the cause of an event

external attribution

the process of assuming that the situation/environment is the cause of an individual’s behavior or the cause of an event

self-serving bias

human tendency to portray ourselves in the best possible way, whether it’d be success or failure

social psychology

social psychology - the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

social exchange theory

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is the maximize benefits and minimize costs

reciprocity norm

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

social-responsibility norm

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them