6- XP- Ethics

Ethics

professional values, standards of behavior and conduct

Remedial ethics

meeting minimal requirements, legal obligations

Positive ethics

moral excellence, actively promoting the welfare of people and the rigor of psychological research

• Autonomy

• Beneficence & nonmaleficence

• Justice

• Fidelity & responsibility

• Integrity

Basic ethical principles

1. Respect for persons

2. Beneficence

3. Justice

Belmont Report outlines three fundamental ethical principles for research involving human subjects

Autonomy

respect for persons: freedom of choice in participation, protection of people who have decreased - (vulnerable populations)

Beneficence & nonmaleficence

Protecting participants from harm, ensuring well-being

Justice

fairness in distribution of benefits and necessary burden (distributive), research process (procedural)

Fidelity and responsibility

trust, accountability in professional behavior

Integrity

accuracy, transparency, truthfulness, honesty, scientific rigor

Institutional review board

practice for the ethical principle of justice

Institutional review board

representative committees responsible for determining the ethicality of research conducted with human participants

• Informed consent

• Deception

• Debriefing

practices for the ethical principle of autonomy

Informed consent

explaining enough details about the study to make a reasoned choice to participate

Deception

intentionally withholding information from or actively providing false details to participants

Omission

withholding information

Commission

actively providing false details

Debriefing

after participation, fully describing the nature, purpose, and design of the study, revealing deception, reestablishing trust, providing insight

Dehoaxing

revealing deception

desensitizing

Reestablishing trust

Anonymity & confidentiality

practice for the ethical principle of beneficence and nonmaleficence

Anonymity & confidentiality

ensuring security in the availability, access,and use of participant data (especially for sensitive information)

Scientific rigor

the strict application of the scientific method to ensure unbiased and well-controlled experimental design, methodology, analysis, interpretation and reporting of results

Hyperclaiming and causisim

exaggerating the goals and causal benefits afforded by the study

Authorship

giving proper credit to those who worked on the project based on the extent of the contribution

Plagiarism

appropriating the ideas, work, or material sof others as one’s own

Research fraud

misrepresenting research findings

Falsification

altering data

Fabrication

inventing data

Transparent reporting

reporting research procedures and outcomes extensively

Transparent reporting

acknowledging partiality and conflicts of interest

Replicability

running the same study again and collecting new data

Direct replicability

close replication

Conceptual replicability

different operationalization

Replication-plus-extension

adding new variables

Reproducibility

re-analysing existing data to verify the reliability of findings

Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct

provided by the APA, this equips psychology professionals with standards and principles to follow when dealing with the moral and ethical dilemmas they're likely to face.

PRB of Psychology Resolution No. 11 Series of 2017

Adoption and Promulgation of the Code of Ethics and Professional Standards for Psychology Practitioners in the Philippines

Republic Act No.10029- Philippine Psychology Act of 2009

mandates the Professional Regulatory Board of Psychology (Board) to monitor the conditions and circumstances affecting the practice of Psychology and Psychometrics in the Philippines and to adopt such measures as may be deemed lawful and proper for the enhancement and maintenance of high professional,  ethical and technical standards of the profession;

Ethics

study of proper action

Research ethics

concerns the responsibility of researchers to be honest and respectful to all individuals who are affected by their research studies or their reports of the studies’ results

Nuremberg Code

a set of 10 guidelines for the ethical treatment of human participants in research

National Research Act

mandated regulations for the protection of human participants

Belmont Report

summarizes the basic ethical principles identified by the National Commission which are used as the foundation upon which the federal regulations for protecting human participants are based

Clinical equipoise

to conduct studies that only compare equally preferred treatments

Confidentiality

practice of keeping strictly secret and private information or measurements obtained from an individual during a research study

Anonymity

practice of ensuring that an individual’s name is not directly associated with the information or measurements obtained from that individual

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)

Committee that examines all proposed research with. respect to its treatment of nonhuman subjects