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If a place is gridlocked, the roads are blocked with a lot of traffic so vehicles cannot move

gridlocked

The Chicago area is one of the most gridlocked metropolitan regions in the US, according to a new traffic study.

The radical urban transport scheme is designed to clear London's gridlocked roads.

a long, level piece of ground with a specially prepared smooth, hard surface on which aircraft take off and land (C1)

runway

the plane circled over the airport until the runway was clear

bags that weigh more than the allowed amount for a single passenger, or the money you are charged to take them onto an aircraft

excess baggage

→ excess baggage fee

We had to pay excess baggage.

He arrived with 88 pounds of excess baggage.

the area at an airport where you show your ticket so that you can be told where you will be sitting

check-in

a journey on a horse or bicycle, or in a vehicle

ride

It's a short bus ride to the airport.

the ride from the airport was very tiring as we had to drive through

a feeling that something, especially something unpleasant, is going to happen

premonition

He had a premonition that his plane would crash, so he took the train.

She had a sudden premonition of what the future might bring.

to officially request or take something

the act of officially asking for or taking something

requisition

The army requisitioned all the cars and trucks they could find.
The staff made a requisition for new chairs and desks.

able to be used or legally owned by someone else

transferable

The tickets were marked "not transferable".

These service plans are all fully transferable to subsequent owners.

Parental leave should be transferable between partners.

that can be used in a different situation, or for a different purpose

transferable

Students gain transferable skills, the school says.

Researchers will get advice on how to make their scientific work relevant and easily transferable to industry.

to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it

monitor

the patient’s heart-rate and breathing must be carefully monitored during the operation

to make someone become involved in a difficult or unpleasant situation

draw sb into sth

They tried to draw me into their argument, but I refused.

to accept or allow behaviour that is wrong

condone

If the government is seen to condone violence, the bloodshed will never stop.

something that is worse or less than what went before it

a step down / a step-down (IDIOM)

→a step down in

For her to take a job with lower pay would mean a step down in their standard of living.

The quarterly figures show a significant step down in profits.

→a step down from

The new house was a step down from the mansions he had lived in in the past.

to temporarily stop being involved in an activity or situation in order to think about it in a new way

step back

→step back from

Let's just step back from the problem and think about what we could do.

to tell someone that they have done something wrong:

pull someone up

→pull someone up for She's always pulling me up for my bad spelling.

→pull someone up on He pulled me up on a rule I wasn't even aware existed.

When a car or someone driving a car pulls up, the driver stops the car, often for a short time

pull up

A car pulled up outside my house.

a serious mistake, usually caused by not taking care or thinking

blunder

He said that the tax was a major political blunder.

I made a blunder by getting his name wrong.

despite having to deal with a difficult situation or problem

in the face of something

She left home in the face of strong opposition from her parents.

of interest at the present time; relating to things that are happening at present

topical

a topical joke

The discussion focused on topical issues in medicine.

to be wrong

be wide of the mark

Yesterday's weather forecast was a little wide of the mark, then.

to make people have a particular feeling or make a situation start to exist

engender (V) (formal)

Her latest book has engendered a lot of controversy.

The vice-president's speech did not engender confidence in his judgment.

to ask someone to come in order to do a job, especially when it is an emergency

call sb out

We had to call out a doctor.

The government called the army out to deal with violent disorder on the streets.

a person who makes certain that something happens or that something is protected

guarantor

The armed forces see themselves as the guarantors of free elections in the country.

The united nations will act as guarantor of the peace settlement

to treat someone in an intentionally unfair way, especially because of their race, sex, beliefs, etc.

victimize

He claimed he'd been victimized by the police.

Nixon felt that he was being victimized by the media.

done in order to discover more about something, or with the intention of discovering new things

explorative

The oil company has had some success with explorative drilling in the area.

She has always been known for being artistically explorative in her work.

cựu tù nhận

ex-prisoner

Hundreds of unemployed ex-prisoners could be pushed back towards crime by the closure of job training

vị gia

additives

are all those additives they put in food necessary

to stop being involved in something

turn away from/ turn your back on sth (c2)

The country cannot afford to turn its back on tourism.

to show that someone is doing wrong

catch sb out

I suspected he wasn't telling me the truth, and one day I caught him out when I found some letters he'd written.

If someone or something lands you with something, he, she, or it causes problems for you

land someone with something

I hope you don't mind me landing you with the kids at such short notice.

Alan's gone off on holiday and I've been landed with the job of cleaning up his mistakes.

to leave somewhere or someone suddenly

run off

You can't run off (home) now, just when I need you!

→run off with

My wife has run off with another man.

a sudden loss of confidence

a crisis of confidence

With inflation at 500 percent, the country faces a crisis of confidence.

These poor end-of-year results have led to a crisis of confidence among investors.

The departure of their editor was just one sign of the crisis of confidence at the paper.

to become fashionable or popular

catch on

I wonder if the game will ever catch on with young people?

to understand, especially after a long time (C2)

catch on

He doesn't take hints very easily, but he'll catch on (to what you're saying) eventually.

to change your opinion of something

to become conscious again after an accident or medical operation

He’ll come around to my point of view eventually.

She hasn’t come around yet.

to criticize a person repeatedly

get at sb

He keeps getting at me and I really don't know what I've done wrong.

When someone is getting at something, they mean it or are trying to express it (C1)

get at

→what someone is getting at

I'm not sure what you're getting at - don't you think I should come tonight?

What do you think the poet is getting at in these lines?

to succeed very easily in something, especially a test

sail through (something)

Rachel sailed through her finals and got A's in everything.

You can't expect to just sail through without doing any work.

to start an activity with a particular aim (C2)

set out

→set out with

She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.

They set out to discover a cure for cancer.

to give the details of something or to explain it, especially in writing, in a clear, organized way

set out

The board has set out its goals/plans/proposals for the coming year.

Your contract will set out the terms and conditions of your employment.

to consider an idea or plan carefully before making a decision

think over

I'll think it over and give you an answer next week.

to expect something or depend on something happening

bank on

Can I bank on your support?

[ + -ing verb ] I wouldn't bank on him being there.

"Do you think she'll come?" "I wouldn't bank on it."

to get something, using effort, by chance or in a way that has not been explained (C2)

come by something

Cheap organic food is still difficult to come by.

I'd like to know how she came by that black eye.

If someone comes into money, property, or a title, they receive it as a result of the death of a relation

come into something (C2)

She came into a bit of money when her grandfather died.

to be able to live or deal with a situation with difficulty, usually by having just enough of something you need, such as money

get by

→get by on

How can he get by on so little money?

→get by with

We can get by with four computers at the moment, but we'll need a couple more when the new staff arrive.

to use something slowly or carefully because you only have a small amount of it

eke sth out

There wasn't much food left, but we just managed to eke it out.

→eke out a living

He managed to eke out a living (= earn just enough to live on) one summer by selling drinks on a beach.

to finish something (C2)

get through

I can get through a lot more work when I'm on my own.

We've got a lot to get through today.

If you live on an amount of money, that is the money that you use to buy the things that you need (b2)

live on

We lived on very little when we first got married.

to write all the necessary information on an official document

make sth out

→make something out to someone/something

Which niece should I make the card out to?

→make something out for something

Make the cheque out for £20.

to save an amount of money to use later

put sth by

I try to put by a few pounds every week.

to pay back all the money that you owe

clear your debts/clear yourself of debts

They planned to work for a year, clear their debts, then start a new business.

Without a job, he had no hope of clearing his debts.

Two years later, she is still clearing her debts with creditors.

to prepare something, usually something official, in writing (C1)

draw something up

→draw up a list

I've drawn up a list of candidates that I'd like to interview.

to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way (B2)

go over something

Forensic scientists are going over the victim's flat in a search for clues about the murderer.

Something that pops into your head/mind is an idea that you suddenly have

to visit briefly

pops into your head/mind

He jotted down story ideas that popped into his head.

Why don’t you pop in and see us this afternoon?

stop liking

go off

enter a competition,etc

go in for

Are you planning to go in for the 100 metres race?

to do something regularly, or to enjoy something:

go in for something

I've never really gone in for classical music, but I love jazz.

to do something, often something that other people would disapprove of (C2)

→get up to mischief

She's been getting up to all sorts of mischief lately.

I wonder what those two got up to yesterday?

participate, take part in

join in

to start doing something often (as a habit)

take to

She was so depressed she took to drink.

[ + -ing verb ] He's taken to staying out very late.

The trip, opportunity, experience, etc. of a lifetime is the best trip, opportunity, etc. you will ever have

of a lifetime

Winners of the competition will get the holiday of a lifetime.

This expedition provides me with the opportunity of a lifetime.

It was an astonishing adventure, that really was an experience of a lifetime.

connected

associated

She was prepared to take on the job, with all its associated risks.

opps unassociated

Back pain that is unassociated with posture or movement should be investigated further.

How many different, apparently unassociated factors might come together in one of those blinding flashes of inspiration?

Someone who is uncultured has not had a good education and does not know a lot about art, music, painting, etc.

uncultured

He accused modern schools of churning out uncultured children.

They regarded their country cousins as primitive and uncultured.

opps cultured= cultivated

to go in the direction of a place or thing

make for

They made for the centre of town.

=make towards something/someone

A one-on-one activity involves two people talking directly, usually with one teaching or giving information to the other

one-on-one/one-to-one

combined in a single person or object

(all) in one

With this model you get a radio, CD player, and MP3 dock all in one.

It's effectively a heater and an oven all in one.

His air fryer is a fermenter, air fryer, and dehydrator all in one.

the state of producing or reflecting bright light; the state of appearing to shine

luminosity

The photographer achieved the luminosity in the image through careful manipulation in the darkroom.

The light was crystalline, giving everything a shimmering luminosity.

producing or reflecting bright light, especially in the dark

luminous

luminous clothing

→luminous glow

The library was lit by the luminous glow of laptops.

to make a sudden sharp movement of your body because of surprise or fear

jump out of my skin

Suddenly an alarm went off and I jumped out of my skin.

There was a clap of thunder and I nearly jumped out of my skin.

She almost jumped out of her skin when she saw him.