psycholo unit 1

Social learning approach

Learning through observation and imitation

Learning through an environmental stimuli

Social approach

Individuals around us influencing the way we behave

Cultural and societal factors explain our behaviours

Biological approach

Everything psychological is first biological

Behaviour is described through process of evolution

Cognitive approach

Our mind is used as a ‘computer analogy’ in the way we process information

Operant conditioning

Learning through consequences of past behaviour

Classical conditioning

Learning through association between 2 stimuli to cause a newly learnt response

Cognitive assumption

Beliefs in how our brain functions and why specific behaviours occur

Schema

A mental template on how we view the world based on beliefs of past experiences

Reasons for conformity

NSI AND ISI

NSI

desire to be liked

ISI

desire to be correct

Confabulation

Filling in gaps so it makes sense to put schemas

Shortening

Shortening a memory in length to make it fit our schemas

Conformity

imagined or real pressure from others resulting in a change in behaviour

Stereotype

Fixed, over generalised view of a person based on their social status or social categorisation

How a stereotype is formed

A grain of truth taken from a past/personal experience that is spread by a gatekeeper

MAOA

produced enzymes which regulate neurotransmitters

On X chromosome from mother

Only in males

Priming

Use of one stimuli (primer) influences how people respond to another stimuli (target)

Cognitive scripts

Record we play in our heads to guide our behaviour in social situations

Semantic priming

2 stimuli are similar in meaning

Associative priming

Two things aren’t similar but become associated

Repetitive priming

Continual pairing of 2 things makes them recognise as a pair

Cognitive bis

Error in thinking

Rationalisation

Memories are distorted in order