unit 4 psych

Fixed ratio

Reward after set actions.

Fixed interval

Reward after set time.

Variable ratio

Reward after random actions.

Variable interval

Reward after random time.

Generalizing

Same reaction to similar things.

Acquisition

First learning something.

Discrimination

Telling things apart.

Higher-order conditioning

Adding extra steps to learning.

Extinction

Forgetting learned behavior.

Spontaneous recovery

Behavior suddenly comes back.

Taste aversion

Avoiding food after sickness.

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Natural cause of reaction.

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Natural reaction.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

New trigger for reaction.

Conditioned Response (CR)

Learned reaction.

B.F. Skinner

Studied rewards & punishments.

Reinforcer

Encourages behavior.

Law of effect

Good results = more behavior.

Negative reinforcement

Remove bad to increase behavior.

Shaping

Rewarding small steps.

Primary reinforcer

Natural reward (food, water).

Secondary reinforcer

Learned reward (money, praise).

Positive reinforcement

Add good to increase behavior.

Premack principle

Fun activity as a reward.

Operant

Voluntary behavior.

Intrinsic motivation

Doing it for yourself.

Punishment

Decreases behavior.

Negative punishment

Taking away good to stop behavior.

Extrinsic motivation

Doing it for a reward.

Positive punishment

Adding bad to stop behavior.

Over-justification effect

Reward ruins fun.

Shaping

Rewarding little progress.

Latent learning

Learning happens but shows later.

Social learning theory

Learning by watching others.

Mental map

Brain’s picture of a place.

Albert Bandura

Studied learning by watching.

Token economy

Earning points for rewards.