Unit 5 - Consciousness and Sleep

Flashcards about consciousness and sleep disorders.

Consciousness

The state of awareness.

Hypnosis

An altered state of consciousness, sometimes used to help with pain and anxiety.

Dual Processing

Processing information about the environment outside of conscious awareness.

Circadian Rhythm

The body's internal clock that regulates waking and sleeping cycles, body temperature changes, and energy levels.

REM Sleep

The stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movement and vivid dreams.

NREM Sleep

Non-rapid eye movement sleep, encompassing all other sleep stages.

NREM-1

A brief stage of sleep that can include hallucinations and hypnagogic sensations.

NREM-2

A stage of sleep, lasting about 20 minutes and characterized by bursts of brain activity.

NREM-3

A deep sleep stage, lasting about 30 minutes, characterized by slow brain waves.

Paradoxical Sleep

A state where the brain is extremely active, but the body is mostly motionless.

REM Rebound

Going into REM sleep quickly and for longer periods of time following REM sleep deprivation.

Sleep Paralysis

Inability to move as you wake up during REM sleep.

Beta Waves

Fast brain waves, associated with being wide awake.

Alpha Waves

Slower brain waves, associated with being relaxed but still awake.

Sleep Spindles

Brain activity that occurs during NREM-2 sleep.

Delta Waves

Slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 deep sleep.

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

Controls our circadian rhythm.

Melatonin

Sleep hormone.

Recuperation

Rest + repairing brain tissue.

Memory Storage

Moving information into long term memory.

Growth

Pituitary gland releases growth hormone during sleep.

Insomnia

Problems falling or staying asleep.

Narcolepsy

Uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Sleep Apnea

Temporarily stopping breathing while sleeping.

Somnambulism

Sleepwalking.

Nightmares

Scary Dreams during REM.

Night terrors

Feelings of being terrified during sleep but no dream during NREM-3.

REM Sleep Behavioral Disorder

Acting out dreams during REM.

Limbic System

Dreams are influenced by what?

Activation - Synthesis Theory

Neurotransmitters deplete and dreams are random brain activity

Substance Use Disorder

Continued use despite significant life disruptions, physical risk, and harm.

Neuroadaptation

The brain adjusting to the effects of drugs.

Tolerance

Diminishing effect, requiring larger doses.

Physical Dependence

Need to take a drug just to not feel sick.

Withdrawal

Discomfort due to not consuming the drug.

Psychoactive Drugs

Alter our consciousness through agonists, antagonists, and reuptake inhibitors.

Depressants

Decrease neural activities.

Stimulants

Increase neural activity.

Hallucinogens

Distort perceptions and cognition.

Alcohol

Always is a depressant agonist for GABA.

Opiods

Pain reliever, enhances moods agonist of GABA, endorphins, and dopamine.

Stimulants

Increases heart rate, breathing, energy, and self confidence and is a Dopamine + epinephrine Agonist - Adenosine antagonist

Nicotine

Makes the smoker feel better, withdrawal triggers feelings of anxiety and agitation .

Cocaine

POWERFUL Euphoric high followed by a crash-depletes the brain of the neurotransmitters

Hallucinogens

Agonist for Serotonin-focus + attention

Marijuana

Classified as a hallucinogen