Studied by 3 people
Young
________ primate cerebral cortex: connections are greater in number & two times as dense.
Neural Induction
The process by which some cells in the ectoderm differentiate into nervous tissue cells when they receive certain signaling molecules.
Saltatory conduction
The motion of the electrical signal when it jumps from one node to another.
Interconnections
________ happen through the growth of dendrites and axons.
Migration
The process by which neurons move to their proper positions in the brain.
Glia
________ aid in the guidance mechanism for neurons & provide scaffolding for ushering neurons to their destination.
Synapses
Where axons make connections with other cells once they reach their target.
Injury
________ or deprivation of input occurring at specific stages of postnatal life can reshape the underlying circuit development.
Children
________ can learn languages /develop musical ability better than adults.
Ectoderm
The outermost layer of cells in an embryo.
Mesoderm
The middle layer of cells in an embryo.
Apoptosis
________ occurs when the neuron loses a battle with other neurons to receive trophic factors.
Critical periods
________ are characterized by high learning rates.
Cognitive recovery
________ from social deprivation, brain damage, and stroke is the greatest in early life.
Endoderm
The innermost layer of cells in an embryo.
Neurons
________ move from the tubes inner to outer surface.
Myelination
Wrapping around axons by extensions of glial cells.
Dendrites
________ are actively involved in process of initiating contact with axons & recruiting proteins to the postsynaptic side of synapse.
Plasticity
The ability of brain to modify itself and adapt to challenges of environment.
neural network
The ________ is pared back to create a more efficient system.
Interneurons
Neurons that communicate with other neurons.
Proliferation
The rapid reproduction of cells in an organism.
nervous system
The developing ________ must get sensory, movement, or emotional input to mature properly in postnatal life.
Sonic hedgehog
A specific signaling molecule secreted by mesodermal tissue lying beneath the future spinal cord.
process of neural induction
Signaling molecules begin the ________.
growth cone
The binding of signaling molecules with receptors tells the ________ whether to move forward, stop, recoil, or change direction.
Trophic factors
________ produced in limited quantities by target tissues.
Inhibitory neurons
Small neurons with short pathways usually found in CNS.
Loss of vision
________ is actually caused by loss of functional connections between eye and neurons in visual cortex.
Vertebrate netrins
________ guide axons around spinal cord.
proximity of cells
The ________ to the sonic hedgehog secretion site determines what organ they will be.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death.
Migration
The process by which newly formed neurons travel to their final destination.
synapse
At the ________, the electric signal from the axon is transmitted by neurotransmitters to dendrites of other neuron.
Plasticity
________ is not unique to humans.
Growth Cones
Enlargements on an axons tip that actively explore the environment as they seek out their precise destination.
Signaling molecules
molecules that "turn on" and "turn off" genes
Proliferation
The rapid reproduction of cells in an organism
Migration
The process by which newly formed neurons travel to their final destination
endoderm
The innermost layer of cells in an embryo
ectoderm
The outermost layer of cells in an embryo
mesoderm
The middle layer of cells in an embryo
Neural Induction
The process by which some cells in the ectoderm differentiate into nervous tissue cells when they receive
Sonic hedgehog
A specific signaling molecule secreted by mesodermal tissue lying beneath the future spinal cord
Interneurons
Neurons that communicate with other neurons
Migration
The process by which neurons move to their proper positions in the brain
Inhibitory neurons
Small neurons with short pathways usually found in the CNS
Birth and beyond
the reaction to listening to voices, toy responses, and even the temperature in the room can lead to more connections in neurons
Growth Cones
Enlargements on an axon's tip that actively explore their environment as they seek out their precise destination
Synapses
Where axons make connections with other cells once they reach their target
Myelination
Wrapping around axons by extensions of glial cells
Nodes of Ranvier
Gaps between sections of myelin
Saltatory conduction
The motion of the electrical signal when it jumps from one node to another
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
E.g
Nerve growth factor is important for sensory neurons
Primates
projections from 2 eyes to brain overlap and then sort to their own territories for each eye
Young primate cerebral cortex
connections are greater in number & two times as dense
Function
judgment, insight, impulse control
Plasticity
The ability of brain to modify itself and adapt to challenges of environment
Experience-expectant plasticity
Developing functions to prepare for the experience to come
Experience-dependent plasticity
Developing the function after the experience has happened
Note 
Flashcard (72)