CMSC 471 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence -History of AI, KRR, Logic
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22 Terms
Who coined the term artificial intelligence?
John McCarthy
Who worked on the Analytical Engine?
Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace
What is L’homme machine?
automation without a mind that looks and acts like a real person
What are the two tests Descartes made for the case that l’homme machine could emit verbal responses
the use of language and the ability to reason (be adaptable and flexible)
What is knowledge?
the knowing or understanding of a thing gained through experience or learning
What are the 3 main data structures used to represent knowledge?
semantic network, frame, script
what is a semantic network?
a graph where each node represents a concept and an edge connecting a pair of nodes represents the semantic relationship between them
what is a frame?
an object containing data, default values, and functions of the concept it embodies under a hierarchy of inheritance; it is much like a class in an object-oriented programming language
what is a script?
a sequence of events associated by the typical actions and relationships between the events
what is reasoning?
the ability to apply logic to make conclusions about information
what does it mean to be rational?
have the capacity to reason; apply reasoning
2 logical representation systems
propostional logic and predicate logic
3 methods of reasoning based on inferencing
deduction, induction, abduction
in deductive reasoning, the conclusion cannot be __ if the premises are __
false; true
what is a tautology?
a compound proposition that is always true
what is a contradiction?
a compound proposition that is always false
what is a contingency
neither a tautology or contradiction
what is a premise
an assumption or hypothesis
what is a valid argument
an argument in which the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are all true
what is a sound argument?
a valid arument in which the premises are all true
P and not P is an example of __
contradiction
P or not P is an example of __
tautology