BIO112 - Chapter 18: Intro to Darwinian Evolution

inherited; a population

evolution is the accumulation of (only genetic/good/inherited) changes in (a population/an individual) over time

natural selection; evolution

(Natural selection/evolution) is a process by which (artificial selection/evolution/natural selection) occurs

jean baptiste de lamarck

who proposed that animals could pass down traits acquired during their lifetime?

mendel’s basis of heredity

lamarckian evolution remaind a reasonable explanation until which of the following was discovered?

• charles lyell’s old earth

• mendel’s basis of heredity

• darwin’s evolution by natural selection

a, b, c

darwin was influenced by which of the following ideas and thinkers? select all that apply.

a) thomas malthus

b) artificial selection

c) charles lyell

d) watson and crick

a, b

Which of the following are requirements of evolution by natural selection? Select all that apply.

a) competition for resources

b) genetic variation

c) adaptations may not be heritable

adaptation

What term means evolutionary modifications that improve the chances of survival and reproductive success in a particular environment?

b, d

Which of the following does the modern synthesis add to Darwinian evolution? Select all that apply.

a) adaptation

b) mutation

c) variation

d) modern genetics

radioisotopes

Direct evidence of evolution comes from fossils in layers of sedimentary rock, the age of which can be accurately measured using (index fossils/radioisotopes)

a, d, e

Which of the following best describe the group of organisms that form fossils? Select all that apply.

a) a small proportion of all organisms that died form fossils

b) all organisms that die form fossils

c) all aquatic organisms form fossils

d) organisms from a few specific environments are overrepresented

e) organisms with hard body parts are overrepresented

a, c, d

Biogeography, the geographic distribution of organisms, is important in order for which of the following evolutionary changes to occur? Select all that apply.

a) speciation

b) the evolution of homoplastic features

c) a species becoming specific to an area

d) evolving dissimilarity between species on geographically separate islands with similar environments

a

Which of the following are indicators of convergent evolution?

a) homoplastic features

b) homologous features

c) evolutionary affinities

d) a recent common ancestor

vestigial

What is the term for nonfunctional remnants of structures that were present and functional in ancestral organisms?

b, c, d

Which of the following are evidence for a shared evolutionary history among all organisms? Select all that apply.

a) more complex vertebrate embryos have modified development

b) genetic changes increase in number with evolutionary divergence

c) the genetic code is universal

d) the same kinds of genes control development in different animals

a, b

Which of the following are terms for a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms? Select all that apply.

a) phylogenetic tree

b) cladogram

c) pedigree