Vocabulary - Philosphy

Natural Rights

Based on the reasoning of John Locke, that all humans have the right to life, liberty, and property are considered to be part of the laws of nature.

State of Nature

An idea based on Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, where conditions are met where no government or laws exist at all. Absolute freedom with absolute chaos.

Consent of the Governed

Where the people who make up a democracy must agree to volunteer to be governed by the rules laid down by their representatives. 

Social Contract

Government is formed as a social contract to protect citizens’ natural rights. This was based on the beliefs of John Locke, who held that in all forms, to get something, you must give up something.

Classic Republicanism

An early theory of democracy that holds that the best kind of government is one that promotes the “common good” and the welfare of an entire society. Its characteristics include civic virtue, moral education, and small, uniform communities.

Civic Virtue

Both citizens and their leaders are willing to set aside their private interests and personal concerns for the common good.

Common Good

This is something that is good for the community as a whole. Doing what is best for most people, while respecting rights and liberties.

Majority Rule/Minority Rights

The majority should rule, but the rights of the minority should be guaranteed. 

Rule of Law

The principle that both those who govern and those who are governed must obey the law and are subject to the same laws.

Faction

A group within a group, that has goals adverse to those of the common good.