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12 - Alkanes complete saga
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27 Terms
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1
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Crude oil is a mixture of different ?
hydrocarbons
2
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hydrocarbon separated into the separate molecules by ?
fractional distillation
3
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Crude oil can be separated into the separate molecules by fractional distillation as the different chain lengths of molecules result in them having
different boiling points.
4
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Fill da blank ;
Crude oil is separated in the following way:
1. The mixture is vapourised and fed into the [A] column.
2. [b] rises, cool and condense.
3. Products are siphoned off for [c] uses.
A=
B=
C=
A= fractionating
B= Vapours
C= different
5
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Products with short carbon chains have lower ?
boiling points
6
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Products with long carbon chains have ?
higher boiling points
7
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The compounds collected from the fractionating column are then broken down further via the method of ?
cracking
8
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Longer carbon chains are not very useful, therefore they are broken down to form ?
smaller, more useful molecules.
9
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Why are harsh conditions used in cracking ?
Carbon Double bond
10
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Thermal Cracking produces a high proportion of ?
alkanes and alkenes
11
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Thermal cracking conditions
High temperatures around 1200 K and pressures around 7000 kPa are used to crack the carbon chains.
12
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Catalytic Cracking produces aromatic compounds with ?
carbon rings
13
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Catalytic cracking conditions ?
Lower temperatures around 720 K are used along with normal pressure, but a zeolite catalyst is needed to compensate for these less harsh conditions.
14
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Alkanes make good fuels as they release a lot of energy when ?
burned
15
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With sufficient oxygen present, they undergo what ?
complete combustion
16
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complete combustion of alkane products?
produces carbon dioxide and water.
17
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methane combustion
CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
18
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If the oxygen present is insufficient, combustion is incomplete and what is produced ?
carbon monoxide is produced alongside water
19
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Carbon monoxide is a toxic gaseous product which is especially dangerous to humans as it has no
odor or colour
20
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catalytic converter uses which catalyst ?
a rhodium one
21
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Alkanes react with halogens in the presence of what to produce halogenoalkanes ?
UV light
22
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Alkanes react with halogens in the presence of UV light to produce halogenoalkanes .Why is UV light needed ?
breaks down the halogen bonds producing reactive intermediates called free radicals
23
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Initiation is when ?
the halogen is broken down
24
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Propagation is when
a hydrogen is replaced and the Cl• radical reformed as a catalyst
25
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Termination is when
two radicals join to end the chain reaction and form a stable product
26
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Cl2 initiation step ?
Cl2 -> 2cl.
27
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Free radical shown using ?
A dot
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