secularisation debate

What did Bruce argue about secularisation?

Technological explanations replace religious ones (e.g., weather forecasts replace prayer). Religion loses plausibility.

What did Stark & Bainbridge argue about secularisation?

Religious market theory: religion thrives where there is choice and competition. Example: USA more religious than Europe.

What did Davie mean by "believing without belonging"?

People hold beliefs privately but attend church less. Example: many Europeans identify as Christian but don't practice.

What is secularisation?

Decline in the social significance of religion (church attendance, influence, belief). Example: UK church attendance <5% today vs majority in 19th century.

How does science contribute to secularisation according to Bruce?

Scientific explanations replace religious ones. Example: weather forecasts replace prayer; medical science replaces faith healing → religion loses plausibility.

What is a critique of Wilson and Bruce's secularisation theories?

Religion hasn't disappeared; people may privately believe or practice in non-traditional ways (Davie: believing without belonging).