GENERAL ZOOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

Zoology

broadest field of science that studies animals

Evolution

all animals share a common ancestry

Taxonomic Hierarchy (largest to smallest)

kingdom

phylum

class

order

family

genus

species

Carl Von Linne (1707-1778)

He pioneered the binomial nomenclature

This should be capitalized

Genus

It is lowercase

species

What rule should do in writing scientific name id it’s encoded?

Italized

What rule should do in writing scientific name is it’s handwritten?

underlined

One important rule in writing scientific name?

It should be written in Latin

What does the greek word “oikos” mean?

House

Ecology

favorable species are more likely to survive

He is the father of zoology (384-322 BCE)

Aristotle

Life (Biological Perspective)

distinguishes organism, from inanimate objects

Life (Psychological Perspective)

journey of personal development and experiences

Life (Spiritual and Religion)

attributing it to a higher purpose or divine origin

Pattern

this includes biology, geology, physics, and chemistry (scientific change)

Process

evolution consists of mechanism, produce, and pattern of change

Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1889)

his interest centered about dog collecting and haunting birds

what year did darwin entered in med school?

1825

Where did he enter med school?

Edinburgh, Scotland

How many years did darwin took med?

2 years

What’s his reason why he didn’t finish med?

he is not interested and can’t bear the sight of sick people

What year did darwin enrolled at Christ’s College in Cambridge?

1831

Who became a clergy/clergic

Charles Robert Darwin

He developed interest in collecting beetles and made valuable contributions to beetle taxonomy

Charles Robert Darwin

Old Testament

species were individually designed by God and therefore perfect

Fossils

remains from the past

Paleontology

study of fossils

He is a French Scientist

Georges Cuvier

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) said that?

he said that earth is shaken by seven events (catastrophism)

He is a naturalist and french biologist

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

What is the first and second principle of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck?

use and disuse and inheritance of acquired characteristics

What is the name of the ship na sinakyan nila charles darwin?

HMS beagle

When did the ship sailed? (Voyage of Charles Darwin)

December 21, 1831

How many years did the voyage take?

5 years

Where is the important destination in their voyage?

Galapagos Island

What did they do during their voyage?

they went to diff places and write down their observation

How many weeks they stayed at Galapagos Island?

5 weeks

When did the origin of species by means of natural selection was published and revolutionized biology?

1859

How old is Darwin when the voyage ended?

27 years old

Natural selection

have certain traits tend to survive and reproduce

he is an explorer of the amazon valley and led a zoological expedition to the Malay Archipelago

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)

Where did wallace’s and darwin’s paper published? When is it published?

Journal of the Proceeding of the Linnean Society (1858)

When did the paper of Charles Darwin published? Origin of species by means of Natural Selection

Nov. 24 1859

He believed that every evolutionary modification was a product of selection and therefore had to be adaptive for organism

Alfred Russel Walace

he admitted that natural selection may not explain all evolutionary cahanges

Charles Robert Darwin

What are the 3 origins of species?

Unity of life

Diversity of life

match bet. organisms and their environment

Charles Robert Darwin talked about

Alfred Russel Wallace talked about

Natural Selection

Selection

he believed that human population has the potential to increase geometrically

Thomas Maltus (1766-1834)

Work of Thomas Maltus na nabasa ni Darwin?

Essay on The Principle of Population

Restraining factors, poverty, wars, plagues, and famine

Population

traits taht were determined for an animal would be eliminated in the failure of the animal containing them to reproduce

Natural selection

Why use the system (scientific name)?

Avoid confusion

Reflects evolutionary relationship

standardizes communication among scientists globally

described and classified a wide range of animals (work of aristotle)

“Historia Animalium” or History of Animals

explores anatomy and class of animals

“De Partibus Animalium” on the parts of animals

hepro (reproduction), embryology or the development of animals

“De Generatione Animalium” on the generation of animals