UTS | Module 2: PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SELF

Socrates

First moral philosopher

Know Thyself

SOCRATES: To understand the self is to?

Body and Soul

According to Socrates, every human person is dualistic. The body is composed of?

Socrates

According to him, the particular characteristics of the self determine its identity.

Introspection

Socratic Method

Introspection

Man has to look at himself within. "Self-reflection"

• Without this work on oneself, life is worthless.

Socratic Method

The knowledge of oneself can be achieved only through the _____________ through the dialogue between the soul and itself or between a student and his teacher.

Socrates

AN EXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING

Plato

________, Socrates’ student, basically took off from his master and supported the idea that man is a dual nature of body and soul.

Plato

THE SELF IS AN IMMORTAL SOUL

Plato

Man is a dual nature of body and soul. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Plato

Three components of the soul: the rational soul (reason and intellect), the spirited soul (emotions), and the appetitive soul (basic desires like eating, drinking, sleeping, and having sex) Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Rational Soul, Spirited Soul, and Appetitive Soul

Three components of the soul according to PLATO

Rational Soul

PLATO’S THREE COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL: Reason and intellect

Spirited Soul

PLATO’S THREE COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL: Emotions

Appetitive Soul

PLATO’S THREE COMPONENTS OF THE SOUL: basic desires like eating, drinking, sleeping, and having sex

The Republic

PLATO: justice in the human person can only be attained if the three parts of the soul are working harmoniously with one another.

Plato

When this ideal state (harmony between the three parts) is attained, then the human person's soul becomes just and virtuous. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Just and Virtuous

Plato said that when this ideal state (harmony between the three parts—RATIONAL SOUL, SPIRITED SOUL, and APPETITIVE SOUL) is attained, then the human person's soul becomes?

Aristotle

THE SOUL IS THE ESSENCE OF THE SELF

Aristotle

Father of western philosophy

Aristotle

Anything with life has a soul. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Soul

ARISTOTLE: This animates human body

Aristotle

The self is made up of the soul which is the core essence of a living being which is not separated from the body. The soul is the one that acts within the body. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Vegetative Soul, Sensitive Soul and Rational Soul

ARISTOTLE: Three kinds of soul (from his treatise On the soul)

Vegetative Soul

ARISTOTLE’S THREE KINDS OF SOUL: it can grow and nourish itself (physical body)

Sensitive Soul

ARISTOTLE’S THREE KINDS OF SOUL: it can experience sensations and move locally (sensual desires, feelings and emotions)

Rational Soul

ARISTOTLE’S THREE KINDS OF SOUL: what makes man human; its ability to receive forms of other things and to compare them using the nous (intellect) and logos (reason) (Zalta, 2016). What sets human apart from other species

Nous

ARISTOTLE: Intellect is?

Logos

ARISTOTLE: Reason is?

Rational Soul

ARISTOTLE’S THREE KINDS OF SOUL: the rational nature of the self is to lead a good flourishing, and fulfilling life (self-actualization). The pursuit of happiness is a search for a good life that includes doing virtuous actions.

Pursuit of Happiness

ARISTOTLE: This is a search for a good life that includes doing virtuous actions.

Self-Actualization

ARISTOTLE: Fulfilling life is?

Aristotle

The soul is the essence of all living things, or the Self. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Heart

ARISTOTLE: He placed rational soul in the _____, rather than the brain

St. Augustine

The doctor of the Catholic Church

St. Augustine

THE SOUL IS SUPERIOR TO THE BODY

St. Augustine

Man is of a bifurcated nature. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Bifurcated

ST. AGUSTINE Man is of a _________ (split) nature

St. Augustine

Physical body and immortal soul. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

St. Augustine

The body is united with the soul so that man may be entire and complete. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Governs, and Defines

ST. AUGUSTINE: The soul _______, and ________ man.

Confessions

Humankind is created in the image and likeness of God, from what book of St. Augustine was this stated?

Confessing

ST. AUGUSTINE Reflection, prayers and confessions are important to recognize God's existence.Examination of conscience before __________

St. Augustine

The body is bound to die on earth and the soul is to anticipate living eternally in a realm of spiritual bliss in communion with God. This is because the body can only thrive in the imperfect, physical reality that is the world, whereas the soul can also stay after death in an eternal realm with the all-transcendent God. The goal of every human person is to attain this communion and bliss with the Divine by living his life on earth in virtue.

Rene Descartes

Father of modern philosophy

Rene Descartes

The self is a thinking person. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Doubting

RENE DESCARTES: this allows us to think deeply

Mind

RENE DESCARTES: the ____ is a substance within the brain capable of thinking (affirming, doubting, judging, etc.). The fact that one thinks should lead one to conclude without a trace of doubt that he exists.

The Meditations of First Philosophy

Book of Rene Descartes where it was stated that there is so much that we should doubt

Human Self

RENE DESCARTES: This a thinking entity that doubts, understands, analyzes, questions and reasons

Cogito

RENE DESCARTES: - the ______, and the thing that thinks, which is the mind, and the extenza or extension of the mind, which is the body.

Extenza

RENE DESCARTES: - the cogito, and the thing that thinks, which is the mind, and the ______ or extension of the mind, which is the body.

Rene Descartes

The self is regarded the one that makes us aware to perceive the external world. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Rene Descartes

He emphasized the notion of self which is made of consciousness (observer-observed) that forms our thinking and guides our behavior. It is the self that perceives the world.

Consciousness

RENE DESCARTES: He emphasized the notion of self which is made of _________ (observer-observed) that forms our thinking and guides our behavior.

David Hume

SCOTTISH EMPIRICIST

Empiricism

Experiencial learning

Empiricism

DAVID HUME: This is the school of thought that espouses the idea that knowledge can only be possible if it is sensed and experienced.

David Hume

Men can only attain knowledge by experiencing. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

David Hume

The self is nothing more than the mental perceptions which are available to our memory. Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Impressions, and Ideas

DAVID HUME: All perceptions of the mind is divided into two distinct kinds, the "_______" and "______". are the original form of all our ideas. While, are copies of impressions.

Impressions

DAVID HUME: They are the original form of all our ideas

Ideas

DAVID HUME: While, these are copies of impressions.

Sense

DAVID HUME: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch

Perceive

DAVID HUME: Interpret what he have served.

Cause and Effects

DAVID HUME: This perception relies on our previous experiences that give meaning based on the principles of?

David Hume

Self is simply "a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement." Who’s the philosopher behind this?

Resemblance, Contiguity or Causation

DAVID HUME: We view things as distinct but they are connected together by?

Mind

DAVID HUME: The _____ is simply a bonded of perceptions and experiences linked by the relations of causation and resemblance.